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41.
G Chen H J Strobel J B Russell C J Sniffen 《Applied and environmental microbiology》1987,53(9):2021-2025
When mixed ruminal bacteria were incubated with a pancreatic casein hydrolysate and free amino acids of a similar composition, rates of ammonia production were much greater for peptides than for amino acids. The pancreatic digest of casein was then fractionated with 90% isopropyl alcohol. Hydrophobic peptides which dissolved in alcohol contained an abundance of phenolic and aliphatic amino acids, while the hydrophilic peptides which were precipitated by alcohol contained a large proportion of the highly charged amino acids. The Km values of the mixed ruminal bacteria for each fraction were similar (0.88 versus 0.98 g/liter), but the Vmax of the hydrophilic peptides was more than twice that of the hydrophobic peptides (18 versus 39 mg of NH3 per g of bacterial protein per h). Pure cultures of ruminal bacteria had a similar preference for hydrophilic peptides and likewise utilized peptides at a faster rate than free amino acids. Since peptide degradation rates differed greatly, hydrophobicity is likely to influence the composition of amino acids passing unfermented to the lower gut of ruminant animals. 相似文献
42.
Transport and phosphorylation of disaccharides by the ruminal bacterium Streptococcus bovis 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Toluene-treated cells of Streptococcus bovis JB1 phosphorylated cellobiose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. Glucose phosphorylation was constitutive, while all three disaccharide systems were inducible. Competition experiments indicated that separate phosphotransferase systems (enzymes II) existed for glucose, maltose, and sucrose. [14C]maltose transport was inhibited by excess (10 mM) glucose and to a lesser extent by sucrose (90 and 46%, respectively). [14C]glucose and [14C]sucrose transports were not inhibited by an excess of maltose. Since [14C]maltose phosphorylation in triethanolamine buffer was increased 160-fold as the concentration of Pi was increased from 0 to 100 mM, a maltose phosphorylase (Km for Pi, 9.5 mM) was present, and this activity was inducible. Maltose was also hydrolyzed by an inducible maltase. Glucose 1-phosphate arising from the maltose phosphorylase was metabolized by a constitutive phosphoglucomutase that was specific for alpha-glucose 1-phosphate (Km, 0.8 mM). Only sucrose-grown cells possessed sucrose hydrolase activity (Km, 3.1 mM), and this activity was much lower than the sucrose phosphotransferase system and sucrose-phosphate hydrolase activities. 相似文献
43.
Bacteroides ruminicola B(1)4, a predominant ruminal and cecal bacterium, was grown in batch and continuous cultures, and beta-glucosidase activity was measured by following the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-beta-glucopyranoside. Specific activity was high when the bacterium was grown in batch cultures containing cellobiose, mannose, or lactose (greater than 286 U/g of protein). Activity was reduced approximately 90% when the organism was grown on glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, or arabinose. The specific activity of cells fermenting glucose was initially low but increased as glucose was depleted. When glucose was added to cultures growing on cellobiose, beta-glucosidase synthesis ceased immediately. Catabolite repression by glucose was not accompanied by diauxic growth and was not relieved by cyclic AMP. Since glucose-grown cultures eventually exhibited high beta-glucosidase activity, cellobiose was not needed as an inducer. Catabolite repression explained beta-glucosidase activity of batch cultures and high-dilution-rate chemostats where glucose accumulated, but it could not account for activity at slow dilution rates. Maximal beta-glucosidase activity was observed at a dilution rate of approximately 0.35 h-1, and cellobiose-limited chemostats showed a 15-fold decrease in activity as the dilution rate declined. An eightfold decline was observed in glucose-limited chemostats. Since inducer availability was not a confounding factor in glucose-limited chemostats, the growth rate-dependent derepression could not be explained by other mechanisms. 相似文献
44.
Replication and cytopathic effects of ovine lentivirus strains in alveolar macrophages correlate with in vivo pathogenicity. 总被引:17,自引:7,他引:10
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Ruminant lentiviruses share genomic sequences and biologic properties with human immunodeficiency viruses. Four ovine lentivirus strains were assessed for cytopathic effects and virus replication. Lentivirus isolate H/24 produced high virus titers and lysis of synovial cells but replicated slowly and caused no fusion of alveolar macrophages. Lentivirus isolates 84/28 and 85/14 produced low virus titers, less syncytia, and limited or no cell lysis in synovial cells and macrophages. In contrast, ovine lentivirus isolate 85/34 produced early peak virus titers and caused rapid fusion and lysis of both macrophages and synovial cells. Ovine lentivirus isolates which were cytopathic for macrophages induced lymphoproliferative disease when inoculated into lambs. 相似文献
45.
Electron probe microanalysis of transverse sections was used to provide semiquantitative estimates of Al and other cations
in the leaf tissues of some Al-accumulating plants of the cerrado vegetation of central Brazil. Concentrations of Al were
generally higher than those of other cations in the phloem elements of these plants growing on dystrophic as well as fertile
acid soils. When one of the Al-accumulating species,Vochysia thyrsoidea, was grown in a calcareous soil, the concentration of Al in the phloem elements of leaves was lower than that of Ca and K
though the cotyledons showed higher concentrations of Al than those of other cations. 相似文献
46.
Twelve pig buttock island flaps (10 X 10 cm) were studied for 6 hours after arteriovenous flow reversal at the level of the pedicle. Follow-up was 48 hours. Blood pressure, Po2, pH, and lactate were measured in flap arteries and veins. Oxygen consumption was calculated. Data indicated true flow reversal. Blood pressure and Po2 in flap veins increased to systemic arterial levels. Outflow was provided by the arterial system, demonstrating venous pressure and Po2 values. Lactate increased significantly (1.8 +/- 0.5 to 4.0 +/- 2.3 mmol/liter), while pH dropped from 7.43 +/- 0.03 to 7.11 +/- 0.02. Oxygen consumption remained below baseline. In four flaps thrombosis occurred within 6 hours; no flap survived 48 hours. The results of this study do not encourage clinical application of the concept of flow reversal. 相似文献
47.
S. D. Russell 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1987,74(6):693-699
Summary The egg and central cells of Plumbago zeylanica have an average volume of 543,000 m3 and 2,560,000 m3 respectively, with surface areas of 38,600 m2 and 154,000 m2. The egg contains an average of 39,900 mitochondria and 730 plastids. The majority of the plastids are perinuclear (> 60%) with less than 40% in lateral areas or near the filiform apparatus. After fertilization, the number of maternal organelles exceeds paternal organelles by a ratio of 11,000 for mitochondria and 154 for plastids. The central cell contains an average of 178,700 mitochondria and 1,840 plastids. After fertilization, these organelles far exceed the number of sperm organelles transmitted, by a ratio of approx. 14,000 for plastids and 1820 for mitochondria. Biparental inheritance of plastids in the embryo is possible, but not favored; the only comparable data in Oenothera and Impatiens reveals that biparental inheritance is possible in up to 124 ratios. Plants lacking biparental plastid inheritance do not contain plastids in the sperm, and thus the presence of even few sperm plastids may result in expression. The number of paternal mitochondria transmitted into the central cell is greater than that transmitted into the egg as the result of preferential fertilization with the mitochondrion-rich dimorphic sperm cell, although the ratio of paternal to maternal mitochondria is 11,000 in the egg and 1820 in the central cell. The similarity in these ratios suggests that there is a critical dosage of mitochondria that is permissible within the zygotic and endospermatic lineages. This may represent either: (1) a maximum permissible value to prevent expression of paternal mitochondrial genome, (2) a minimum ratio required in order to permit recombination of maternal and paternal mitochondrial genomes, or (3) a cytoplasmic genome balance number.Abbreviations mtDNA
mitochondrial DNA
- Sua
sperm cell unassociated with the vegetative nucleus
- Svn
sperm cell physically associated with the vegetative nucleus 相似文献
48.
The macrophage-attachment glycoprotein gp63 is the predominant C3-acceptor site on Leishmania mexicana promastigotes 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
D G Russell 《European journal of biochemistry》1987,164(1):213-221
The interaction between Leishmania promastigotes and their vertebrate host's complement system results not only in parasite lysis but also, due to surface-bound complement components, in increased macrophage binding potential. In this study we demonstrate, with the use of isolated complement components, that activation is via the alternative complement pathway, initiated by direct deposition of C3 onto the parasite surface. The predominant C3 acceptor site on the promastigotes was initially identified as the glycoprotein gp63 by anti-C3 antibody immunoprecipitation of radioiodinated promastigotes following incubation in the alternative pathway initiators C3, and factors B and D. The C3-binding properties of gp63 were confirmed and quantified, in relation to other surface antigens, by incubating parasites in iodinated C3 and immunoprecipitating bound C3 with antibodies directed against different promastigote surface antigens. The other abundant surface antigen, the glycolipid 'excreted factor', did not show any C3-binding activity. Further demonstration was provided by incubating liposomes containing either gp63 or excreted factor in iodinated C3 and factors B and D. Only gp63-containing liposomes bound C3. Considering that both gp63 and the excreted factor have recently been implicated in attachment and uptake by macrophage, these findings may have considerable bearing in the determination of which of the macrophage surface receptors identify which parasite ligand. 相似文献
49.
Lead mining in Wales originated before the Roman Occupation. The main active period was from 1750–1900 when zinc and copper were also mined and during this period only simple and inefficient ore processing methods were available. Consequently large amounts of copper, lead and zinc compounds were lost to the environment and have since become incorporated in sediments and soils. Locally, pollution may still occur from drainage from abandoned mines and by mobilization of mine tailings. This paper describes the present state of Welsh rivers and reviews the distribution of contaminants in sediments and soils. The uptake of heavy metals by plants and the consequences for human health are alto discussed. 相似文献