Potential oversummering and overwintering regions for the wheat stripe rust pathogen in the contiguous United States

Epidemics of wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), are more frequent in the regions where Pst can oversummer and overwinter. Regions for potential oversummering and overwintering of Pst were determined in the contiguous United States using a survival index (SI) ranging from 0 (most unfavorable) to 10 (most favorable) developed based on long-term weather data. The pathogen can survive in cool summer in the most regions north of latitude 40°N, particularly Washington, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and California. Due to limiting high temperatures, it survives marginally during summer in Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island and Texas. Similarly, unfavorable hot summer restricts summer survival of the pathogen in the most regions south of 40°N except for highlands in the Rocky or Appalachian Mountains. Warm winters favor fungal survival in most regions south of 40°N and the Pacific Coast, including Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas and Washington. Severe winters do not allow survival in most regions north of 40°N and east of the Rocky Mountains, whereas less severe winter in Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah and Virginia permits marginal survival of Pst. Most wheat-growing regions have climatic suitability for either oversummering or overwintering. Both oversummering and overwintering can occur in the Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon and Washington), Arizona, California, North Carolina, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia. These regions may provide primary inoculum for stripe rust epidemics in their own and surrounding regions.     

Fine needle aspiration in stromal sarcoma of the breast. Light and electron microscopic findings with histologic correlation

Stromal sarcoma of the breast, according to current concepts, is a rare lesion arising from the stroma surrounding the ductal epithelium. A case of this neoplasm is reported, with light and electron microscopic findings in fine needle aspirates and correlation with histologic findings. The findings, similar to those previously reported for stromal sarcoma of the breast, included a less-pleomorphic morphologic picture than is seen in malignant fibrous histiocytoma, but a more primitive ultrastructural appearance.     

Cloning of uvrA, lexC and ssb genes of Escherichia coli.

The L' subunits, phosphorylatable precursors of L-type pyruvate kinase, can be proteolyzed in vivo and in vitro, and transformed into several molecular species.Trypsin induces the appearance of a phosphorylatable form similar to liver L-type enzyme.Subtilisin splits the phosphorylatable site and induces the appearance of a form similar to the minor form occuring with red cell aging.Sensitivity to proteolysis of some pyruvate kinase variants is modified.     

Lack of antibody induction by Histolyn-CYL, a new skin-testing reagent for histoplasmosis

Histolyn-CYL, a yeast phase skin-test reagent, was administered to 85 histoplasmin-sensitive subjects living in the United States and South America. In a multicenter study, sera were obtained at the time the skin tests were read and again 3 weeks later. In no instance did the skin test induce significant complement-fixing antibody changes or antibodies detected by immuno-diffusion.     

Influence of microorganism and plant oils on the structure of mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) biosurfactants revealed by a novel thin layer chromatography mass spectrometry method

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology - Mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) are microbial glycolipid biosurfactants with great potential for application in cosmetics and household...     

Purification and analysis of RNA from paraffin-embedded tissues

We have developed methods for the purification and analysis of RNA from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. The methods allow retrospective analysis of gene expression or viral infection. RNA extraction uses prolonged solubilization of tissue with detergent and protease in the presence of high concentrations of a ribonuclease inhibitor. The purified RNA is moderately degraded but its hybridization behavior is essentially unaffected. We were able to quantify specific mRNAs by dot-blot hybridization.     

Influence of thyroid hormones and catecholamines on myosin of swim-exercised rats

To define the physiological signals involved in the redirection of myosin expression in the swim-exercised rat, the relative influence of thyroid hormones and beta-adrenergic blockade was determined. Swimming exercise resulted in an increased proportion of myosin V1 (60.9 +/- 9.7 vs. 38.0 +/- 4.1% of sedentary rats fed ad libitum) but did not increase serum concentrations of total and free thyroxine or triiodothyronine determined either 17-21 h or immediately after swimming. The proportion of V1 increased, although intermittently food-deprived rats with the body weight of swimming rats exhibited a reduced proportion of V1 (23.5 +/- 2.7). When swimming rats had only intermittent access to food, they had reduced concentrations of all thyroid hormones, but the proportion of V1 (51.5 +/- 7.6) was nonetheless increased. Thus the redirection of myosin expression cannot be attributed to an increased secretion of thyroid hormones. The influence of the adrenergic system was assessed by treating swimming rats with the beta-blocking drug atenolol. Because the proportion of V1 was reduced, but thyroid hormones were not affected, beta-adrenergic blockade seems to influence myosin expression independently of thyroid hormones.