A nano-Ni based ultrasensitive nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for glucose: Enhancing sensitivity through a nanowire array strategy

Highly ordered Ni nanowire arrays (NiNWAs) were synthesized for the first time using a template-directed electropolymerization strategy with a nanopore polycarbonate (PC) membrane template, and their morphological characterization were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). A NiNWAs based electrode shows very high electrochemical activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline medium, which has been utilized as the basis of the fabrication of a nonenzymatic biosensor for electrochemical detection of glucose. The biosensor can be applied to the quantification of glucose with a linear range covering from 5.0 × 10⁻⁷ to 7.0 × 10⁻³ M, a high sensitivity of 1043 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², and a low detection limit of 1 × 10⁻⁷ M. The experiment results also showed that the sensor exhibits good reproducibility and long-term stability, as well as high selectivity with no interference from other oxidable species.     

降纤酶与东菱精纯克栓酶治疗急性脑梗死的对比研究

目的 探讨降纤酶治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法 １０６例发病在７２ｈ内的急性脑梗死患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,两组患者年龄、性别、伴发疾病和既往史积分、治疗前神经功能缺损程度评分相似,具有可比性。治疗组给降纤酶１０ｕ静脉滴注,每天１次;对照组给东菱精纯克栓酶（ＤＦ－５２１）１０ＩＵ静脉滴注,隔天１次,７天为１个疗程。动态监测血浆纤维蛋白原浓度,并进行疗效和安全性评价。结果 降纤酶具有纤维蛋白原     

p300 and p300/cAMP-response element-binding protein-associated factor acetylate the androgen receptor at sites governing hormone-dependent transactivation

The androgen receptor (AR) is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that plays a key role in prostate cancer cellular proliferation by dihydrotestosterone and the induction of secondary sexual characteristics. In this study we demonstrate that the AR can be modified by acetylation in vitro and in vivo. p300 and p300/cAMP-response element-binding protein acetylated the AR at a highly conserved lysine-rich motif carboxyl-terminal to the zinc finger DNA-binding domain. [(14)C]acetate-labeling experiments demonstrated that AR acetylation by p300 in cultured cells requires the same residues identified in vitro. Point mutation of the AR acetylation site (K632A/K633A) abrogated dihydrotestosterone-dependent transactivation of the AR in cultured cells. Mutation of the p300 CH3 region or the p300/cAMP-response element-binding protein histone acetylase domain reduced ligand-dependent AR function. The identification of the AR as a direct target of histone acetyltransferase co-activators has important implications for targeting inhibitors of AR function.     

杂交-渐渗进化理论在转基因逃逸及其环境风险评价和研究中的意义

转基因作物的商品化生产和大规模环境释放, 引起了全球对生物安全问题的广泛关注和争议, 其中转基因通过花粉介导的基因漂移逃逸到非转基因作物及其野生近缘种, 进而带来不同类型的环境风险就是备受争议的生物安全问题之一。有效的生物安全评价和研究能够为转基因作物的安全持久利用保驾护航。按照风险评价的原则, 对于转基因逃逸及其潜在环境风险的评价应包括两个重要步骤: (1)检测转基因向野生近缘种(包括杂草类型)群体逃逸的频率; (2)确定逃逸后的转基因能否通过遗传渐渗在野生近缘种群体中存留和扩散。杂交－渐渗是进化生物学中非常重要的科学命题和普遍的自然现象, 杂交－渐渗的进化理论与转基因逃逸及其潜在环境风险的研究和评价有密切的关系。杂交－渐渗过程往往导致物种形成、适应性进化和自然群体的濒危与灭绝, 这是因为在杂交－渐渗过程中, 不同的机制如遗传同化作用、群体湮没效应以及群体的选择性剔除效应等都会在很大程度上影响群体的进化过程。转基因通过杂交－渐渗进入野生群体, 使这一过程更加复杂化。如果转基因能提高群体的适合度, 则更有利于其渐渗速率, 从而在群体中迅速扩散并带来一定的生态后果。杂交－渐渗的进化理论和思想将有益于指导转基因逃逸及其潜在环境风险的研究和评价。     

Lack of collagen type specificity for lysyl hydroxylase isoforms

Lysyl hydroxylase is the enzyme catalyzing the formation of hydroxylysyl residues in collagens. Large differences in the extent of hydroxylysyl residues are found among collagen types. Three lysyl hydroxylase isoenzymes (LH1, LH2, LH3) have recently been characterized from human and mouse tissues. Nothing is known about the distribution of these isoforms within cells or whether they exhibit collagen type specificity. We measured mRNA levels of the three isoforms, as well as the mRNAs of the main collagen types I, III, IV, and V and the alpha subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, another enzyme involved in collagen biosynthesis, in different human cell lines. Large variations were found in mRNA expression of LH1 and LH2 but not LH3. Immunoblotting was utilized to confirm the results of Northern hybridization. The levels of mRNA of LH1, LH2, and the alpha subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase showed significant correlations with each other. The LH3 mRNA levels did not correlate with those of LH1, LH2, or the alpa subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, clearly indicating a difference in the regulation of LH3. No correlation was observed between LH isoforms and individual collagen types, indicating a lack of collagen type specificity for lysyl hydroxylase isoforms. Our observations suggest that LH1, LH2, and the alpha subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase are coregulated together with total collagen synthesis but not with the specific collagen types and indicate that LH3 behaves differently from LH1 and LH2, implying a difference in their substrates. These observations set the basis for further studies to define the functions of lysyl hydroxylase isoforms.     

Affinity Laminated Chromatography Membrane Built‐in Electrodes for Suppressing Polysulfide Shuttling in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising candidates for energy storage, but suffer from capacity and cycling challenges caused by the serious shuttling effect of polysulfide (PS) ions. To address these issues, a sodium alginate (SA)‐derived affinity laminated chromatography membrane built‐in electrode is designed. This is the first attempt to utilize this type of membrane, which is widely used for the selective adsorption of proteins, in the battery field. An ordered multilayer structure throughout the electrode can easily be obtained, and the number of membrane layers can be also conveniently controlled by varying the cross‐linking time of SA. The PS shuttling effect is efficiently suppressed and the permeability of PSs is reduced by enveloping the carbon/sulfur powder in ultrathin laminated chromatography membranes. As a result, these designed electrodes deliver a superhigh initial capacity of 1492 mA h g^?1, with a capacity retention almost 20% higher than the contrast. This low‐cost and easily mass‐producible strategy inspired by affinity chromatography is expected to effectively solve the PS shuttling problem toward high‐loading and long‐lifetime Li–S batteries in practice.     

The Rise of Textured Perovskite Morphology: Revolutionizing the Pathway toward High‐Performance Optoelectronic Devices

Halide perovskite materials have achieved overwhelming success in various optoelectronic applications, especially perovskite solar cells and perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (P‐LEDs), owing to their outstanding optical and electric properties. It is widely believed that flat and mirror‐like perovskite films are imperative for achieving high device performance, while the potential of other perovskite morphologies, such as the emerging textured perovskite, is overlooked, which leaves plenty of room for further breakthroughs. Compared to flat and mirror‐like perovskites, textured perovskites with unique structures, e.g., coral‐like, maze‐like, column‐like or quasi‐core@shell assemblies, are more efficient at light harvesting and charge extraction, thus revolutionizing the pathways toward ultrahigh performance in perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices. Employing a textured perovskite morphology, the record of external quantum efficiency for P‐LEDs is demonstrated as 21.6%. In this research news, recent progress in the utilization of textured perovskite is summarized, with the emphasis on the preparation strategies and prominent optoelectronic properties. The impact of the textured morphology on light harvesting, carrier dynamic management, and device performance is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and great potential of employing these innovative morphologies in fabricating more efficient optoelectronic devices, or creating a new energy harvesting and conversion regime are also provided.     

Genetic diversity and population structure of Quercus fabri Hance in China revealed by genotyping‐by‐sequencing

Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure among Quercus fabri populations is essential for the conservation and utilization of Q. fabri resources. Here, the genetic diversity and structure of 158 individuals from 13 natural populations of Quercus fabri in China were analyzed using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS). A total of 459,564 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained after filtration for subsequent analysis. Genetic structure analysis revealed that these individuals can be clustered into two groups and the structure can be explained mainly by the geographic barrier, showed gene introgression from coastal to inland areas and high mountains could significantly hinder the mutual introgression of genes. Genetic diversity analysis indicated that the individual differences within groups are greater than the differences between the two groups. These results will help us better understand the genetic backgrounds of Q. fabri.