利用正交设计法对叉叶苏铁ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化研究

比较CTAB法和SDS法提取叉叶苏铁（Cycas micholitzii）的总DNA,发现CTAB法是提取叉叶苏铁总DNA的较好方法;对叉叶苏铁ISSR-PCR反应体系中的4个主要因素dNTPs,Taq DNA聚合酶,引物及Mg²⁺进行最优条件筛选;采用单因素法探讨DNA模板量、退火温度和循环次数的最佳反应条件,建立了适合于叉叶苏铁的最佳ISSR-PCR反应体系 （20 μL体系）： 1×Buffer,75 ng DNA模板,dNTPs 250 μmol·L^-1, Taq酶1.0U,引物0.2 μmol·L^-1,Mg2+ 2.5mmol·L^-1,反应程序为：94℃预变性5 min,94℃变性1 min,52℃退火1 min,72℃延伸2 min,循环40次,72℃延伸10 min,4℃保存。本研究结果为苏铁纲植物的分子生物学和分子系统学研究提供理论参考。     

In vitro glucose reversal of the inhibitory effect of fasting on epinephrine-induced lipolysis

Cyclic AMP, protein kinase activity and glycerol were measured in adipose tissue from fasted rats incubated with epinephrine with or without glucose. A drastic loss in the sensitivity of the adipose tissue to respond to the lipolytic action of the hormone was observed during fasting, when incubated without glucose. The addition of glucose reverses this process, and a greater lipolytic capacity was observed in the tissue of fasted rats than in fed rats. The three parameters measured were well correlated when there was epinephrine in the medium. Lipolysis is observed with glucose alone, but there was no variation in the cAMP levels nor in the protein kinase activity. These results are discussed in relation to the regulator effect of FFA, which is mobilized during starvation, on lipolysis.     

Development of a panel of genome-wide ancestry informative markers to study admixture throughout the Americas

Most individuals throughout the Americas are admixed descendants of Native American, European, and African ancestors. Complex historical factors have resulted in varying proportions of ancestral contributions between individuals within and among ethnic groups. We developed a panel of 446 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) optimized to estimate ancestral proportions in individuals and populations throughout Latin America. We used genome-wide data from 953 individuals from diverse African, European, and Native American populations to select AIMs optimized for each of the three main continental populations that form the basis of modern Latin American populations. We selected markers on the basis of locus-specific branch length to be informative, well distributed throughout the genome, capable of being genotyped on widely available commercial platforms, and applicable throughout the Americas by minimizing within-continent heterogeneity. We then validated the panel in samples from four admixed populations by comparing ancestry estimates based on the AIMs panel to estimates based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The panel provided balanced discriminatory power among the three ancestral populations and accurate estimates of individual ancestry proportions (R2 > 0.9 for ancestral components with significant between-subject variance). Finally, we genotyped samples from 18 populations from Latin America using the AIMs panel and estimated variability in ancestry within and between these populations. This panel and its reference genotype information will be useful resources to explore population history of admixture in Latin America and to correct for the potential effects of population stratification in admixed samples in the region.     

漓江上游毛竹生理生态特征对不同土壤水分的响应

漓江上游毛竹林面积大,是我国毛竹最南端产区。该研究针对当地季节性干旱问题,通过模拟降水使土壤水分变化,共设立了5个毛竹水分处理小区(CK.对照;A.无降水+覆膜;B.降水5 mm+覆膜;C.降水10mm+覆膜;D.降水20 mm+覆膜),并与HM(木荷Schima superba)(自然状态)进行对比。结果表明:土壤水分变化影响了毛竹叶片水势和叶绿素的变化,叶片白天水势下降,傍晚均可恢复到凌晨水势。C处理的毛竹午间水势下降值最小,叶绿素含量也最高。本研究区位于最南端产区,毛竹的光合生产力也属偏低水平。适当的土壤水分亏缺,毛竹表现出相对的高净光合速率(P_(n))、高蒸腾速率(Tr)、低水分利用效率(WUE)的特点;过多或过少土壤水分,则为低P_(n)和Tr,但高WUE。毛竹叶片的P_(n)与气孔导度Gs呈极显著的正相关关系,说明毛竹的光合速率受气孔调节明显;Tr与午时叶水势呈负相关(符合二项式函数)关系,土壤水分问题造成的叶片水分不足同时也影响了毛竹的Tr。水分亏缺,P_(n)主要由气孔调节,但水分过多导致P_(n)的下降应该是由气孔导度的下降和叶肉细胞光合能力的下降共同作用的结果。水分过少或过多均对毛竹生理生态过程产生负效应。相对于木荷,毛竹的P_(n)较高,但同时也消耗更多的水分。     

β—淀粉样肽、氧应激与Alzheimer病

Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病 (ＡＤ)患者的神经病学特征是脑组织萎缩 ,出现大量的淀粉样斑块 (ａｍｙｌｏｉｄｐｌａｑｕｅｓ ;亦称老年斑 ,ｓｅｎｉｌｅｐｌａｑｕｅｓ ,ＳＰ)和神经纤维缠结 (ｎｅｕ ｒｏｆｉｂｒｉｔａｒｙｔａｎｇｌｅｓ)沉积。ＡＤ病人痴呆的程度与淀粉样斑块的发展呈正相关。老年斑的主要成分是 β 淀粉样肽 ( β ａｍｙｌｏｉｄｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ ,又称 β ａｍｙｌｏｉｄｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,Ａβ) ,其分子量约为 4 .2ｋＤ ,由 39～ 4 3个氨基酸残基组成。Ａβ来自一种跨膜糖蛋白———β 淀粉样质前体蛋白 (ａｍｙｌｏｉｄ ｐｒ…     

木薯雌雄花分化形态结构观察及生理调控研究

本研究以木薯品种新选048为试验材料,观察和测定木薯花分化各时期的形态结构、内源激素及碳氮化合物含量,并开展木薯雌雄花分化的外源激素调控研究,揭示木薯花分化规律,初步探究木薯花分化的生理机制.试验结果表明:木薯从花芽分化开始到完成开花的全过程需要30 d,分化出的花序主要有全雄花序和雌少雄多花序两种类型,木薯性别分化前...     

Hdac2 regulates the cardiac hypertrophic response by modulating Gsk3 beta activity

In the adult heart, a variety of stresses induce re-expression of a fetal gene program in association with myocyte hypertrophy and heart failure. Here we show that histone deacetylase-2 (Hdac2) regulates expression of many fetal cardiac isoforms. Hdac2 deficiency or chemical histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition prevented the re-expression of fetal genes and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in hearts exposed to hypertrophic stimuli. Resistance to hypertrophy was associated with increased expression of the gene encoding inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase f (Inpp5f) resulting in constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (Gsk3beta) via inactivation of thymoma viral proto-oncogene (Akt) and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (Pdk1). In contrast, Hdac2 transgenic mice had augmented hypertrophy associated with inactivated Gsk3beta. Chemical inhibition of activated Gsk3beta allowed Hdac2-deficient adults to become sensitive to hypertrophic stimulation. These results suggest that Hdac2 is an important molecular target of HDAC inhibitors in the heart and that Hdac2 and Gsk3beta are components of a regulatory pathway providing an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.     

Selection of housekeeping genes for qRT-PCR analysis in potato tubers under cold stress

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is currently the most sensitive method used for quantitative gene expression studies. However, minimal variation in the amount of material and presence of inhibitors affecting enzyme efficiency can lead to significant quantification errors. Accurate data normalization is vital using reference genes as internal controls. Many so-called housekeeping genes or reference genes with assumed stable expression can exhibit either up- or downregulation depending on the developmental stage or other environmental conditions. We have evaluated six reference genes (actin, APRT, 18S rRNA, ef1α, β-tubulin and ribosomal protein L2) for qRT-PCR profiling experiments in potato tuber tissues of five varieties during cold storage at different temperatures and treatment periods. Genes were ranked according to their expression stability by BestKeeper, geNorm and NormFinder software tools in the same order. This means that any of them can be used for this purpose. The results indicated that ef1α and APRT were the most stably expressed genes in the potato tuber tissues under different cold storage regimes. We therefore recommend use of this pair of genes as internal controls for gene expression studies under the described conditions.     

湿地景观生态分类研究进展

湿地景观生态分类是湿地景观生态学研究的前提与基础,直接影响湿地研究结果的精度和有效性.基于国内外湿地景观生态分类在分类理论、分类指标、分类方法等方面的研究历史、现状与最新进展,本文系统介绍并评价了NWI、Ramsar、HGM等湿地分类体系,指出基于HGM分类思想以及综合考量湿地空间结构、生态功能、生态过程、地形、土壤、植被、水文、人类活动干扰强度等多种因素的混合分类方法是该研究领域未来发展的主要方向.集成运用3S技术、数学定量、景观模型、知识工程、人工智能、神经网络等多种方法以提高分类的自动化水平与精度,将是今后湿地景观生态分类研究的重点与难点.