超嗜热酯酶EST2在不同宿主中的异源高效表达研究

来源于超嗜热古菌Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius的酯酶EST2是目前报道的活性最高的超嗜热酯酶,具有极大的工业应用价值。为促进EST2的生产应用,将其分别在大肠杆菌及毕赤酵母中进行异源表达,并就不同宿主对表达情况和重组酶酶学性质的影响进行了分析。在大肠杆菌和毕赤酵母中重组表达的EST2酶学性质基本一致:最适温度分别为75℃和77.5℃,最适pH均为8.0,比活力分别为4656.6 U/mg和4078.3 U/mg,70℃水浴保温4.5 h,残余活力均在70%以上。在摇瓶发酵的基础上,于5 L发酵罐中进行了重组大肠杆菌及毕赤酵母的高密度发酵。毕赤酵母高密度发酵120 h菌体干重达68 g/L,最大表达酶活力为959.6 U/ml。大肠杆菌高密度发酵25 h菌体干重达60.8 g/L,最大酶活力14825.6 U/ml,表达量是毕赤酵母的15.4倍,单位时间产量是酵母的74.2倍。结果表明大肠杆菌发酵周期短、表达量高,更适合进行嗜热酯酶EST2的高效生产,这为促进嗜热酯酶在工业生物技术产业的应用奠定了基础。     

Homology modeling threedimensional structure of AnxB1 and reducing its immunogenicity by sequence-deleted mutagenesis

AnxB1,a novel annexin previously isolated from Cysticercus cellulose,shows high thrombi affinity and anticoagulant activity in vivo.In order to investigate the relationship between structure and biological function,a predicted three-dimensional(3D)model of AnxB1 was generated by homology modeling.This model contains four homologous internal-domains and the Cα trace of domain Ⅰ,Ⅱ and IV shows high similarity.Based on the structure characterization,four sequence-deleted mutants were constructed and expressed as GST fusion proteins in E.coli.Two of the mutants,GST-M3 and GST-M4 reserved high anticoagulant activity(p＜0.01 vs.GST).Furthermore,compared with the wild type GST-AnxB1,the immunogenicity of GST-M3 and GST-M4 was reduced significantly(p＜0.01)and the molecular weight was lowered to 27 kD and 34 kD,respectively.These observations laid a solid foundation for further study on developing new thrombolytic agents with higher efficiency and lower side effect.     

高频度微卫星不稳定性大肠癌"修饰型"微卫星变化与MLH1及KRAS基因突变密切相关

本研究通过方法学的改良和观察方式的创新试图阐明这种现象的原因.微卫星非传统的检测方法仅能实现微卫星定性检测,我所在的研究组开发了自动片段分析双荧光标识技术,提高了微卫星检测的感度和重复性,并实现了微卫星片段变化长度的定量.小于6碱基的微卫星变化被定义为修饰型微卫星不稳定,大于8碱基的变化被定义为跳跃型微卫星不稳定,它们的电泳谱截然不同.前者表现为在非肿瘤来源微卫星位点基础上的增加或减少,后者表现为距离非肿瘤微卫星片段远隔部位的新波形的出现.通过研究我们发现,在DNA错配修复缺陷细胞系及基因敲除大鼠自发肿瘤样本,仅有修饰型微卫星不稳定性检出;在人类DNA错配修复缺陷细胞系连续80次传代也没有检出跳跃型变化.跳跃型变化不能通过简单重复序列不稳定基础上的增加或减少的累加而获得.在76例散发大肠癌,我们检测了微卫星不稳定性,KRAS基因突变,并对高频度微卫星不稳定性病例的两个主要DNA错配修复基因MSH2和MLHl进行了全长测序.我们发现,在大肠癌,按频度的传统分类与按波形变化的分类有高度的一致性,高频度微卫星不稳定性病例均检测到跳跃型表现,低频度微卫星不稳定性都表现为修饰型变化.在12例高频度微卫星不稳定病例,有三例检出了跳跃型和修饰型同时存在微卫星不稳定的特殊表型,这3例均检出KRAS的突变,更有趣的是该3例病例也同时检出了DNA错配修复基因MLH1的变异.而在其他9例高频度微卫星不稳定病例,KRAS突变及MLH1、MSH2交变未检出.通过对突变谱的分析我们还发现,修饰型微卫星不稳定与KTAS基因12号密码子的转换型突变高度相关,而微卫星稳定的病例检出的KRAS基因12号密码子突变多为颠换型突变.修饰型微卫星不稳定表型检出的高频度转换突变可由DNA错配修复缺陷的分子背景解释.通过本研究,我们认为以波形为基础的微卫星不稳定新分型可能是解决目前微卫星研究领域矛盾的一个选项.一直公认为高频度微卫星不稳定性是"真正"的DNA错配修复缺陷表型,我们的研究提示实际上高频度微卫星的可能是多元的.修饰型微卫星不稳定与DNA错配修复缺陷直接关联,而跳跃型微卫星不稳定的原因尚未阐明.在高频度为微型不稳定中,携带修饰型变化的病例可以通过DNA错配修复系统缺陷来解释其病因.     

CD4+ T cells acting independently of antibody contribute to protective immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi infection after apical membrane antigen 1 immunization

Apical membrane Ag 1 (AMA1) is a leading malaria vaccine candidate. Homologues of AMA1 can induce protection in mice and monkeys, but the mechanism of immunity is not understood. Mice immunized with a refolded, recombinant, Plasmodium chabaudi AMA1 fragment (AMA1B) can withstand subsequent challenge with P. chabaudi adami. Here we show that CD4+ T cell depletion, but not gammadelta T cell depletion, can cause a significant drop in antiparasite immunity in either immunized normal or immunized B cell KO mice. In normal mice, this loss of immunity is not accompanied by a decline in Ab levels. These observations indicate a role for AMA1-specific Ab-independent T cell-mediated immunity. However, the loss of immunity in normal CD4+ T cell-depleted mice is temporary. Furthermore, immunized B cell KO mice cannot survive infection, demonstrating the absolute importance of B cells, and presumably Ab, in AMA1-induced immunity. CD4+ T cells specific for a cryptic conserved epitope on AMA1 can adoptively transfer protection to athymic (nu/nu) mice, the level of which is enhanced by cotransfer of rabbit anti-AMA1-specific antisera. Recipients of rabbit antisera alone do not survive. Some protected recipients of T cells plus antisera do not develop their own AMA 1-specific Ab response, suggesting that AMA 1-specific CMI alone can protect mice. These data are the first to demonstrate the specificity of any protective CMI response in malaria and have important implications for developing a malaria vaccine.     

Genetic map of Triticum turgidum based on a hexaploid wheat population without genetic recombination for D genome

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A synthetic doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population, SynDH1, derived from the spontaneous chromosome doubling of triploid F1 hybrid plants obtained from the cross of hybrids Triticum turgidum ssp. durum line Langdon (LDN) and ssp. turgidum line AS313, with Aegilops tauschii ssp. tauschii accession AS60, was previously constructed. SynDH1 is a tetraploidization-hexaploid doubled haploid (DH) population because it contains recombinant A and B chromosomes from two different T. turgidum genotypes, while all the D chromosomes from Ae. tauschii are homogenous across the whole population. This paper reports the construction of a genetic map using this population. RESULTS: Of the 606 markers used to assemble the genetic map, 588 (97%) were assigned to linkage groups. These included 513 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers, 72 simple sequence repeat (SSR), one insertion site-based polymorphism (ISBP), and two high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) markers. These markers were assigned to the 14 chromosomes, covering 2048.79 cM, with a mean distance of 3.48 cM between adjacent markers. This map showed good coverage of the A and B genome chromosomes, apart from 3A, 5A, 6A, and 4B. Compared with previously reported maps, most shared markers showed highly consistent orders. This map was successfully used to identify five quantitative trait loci (QTL), including two for spikelet number on chromosomes 7A and 5B, two for spike length on 7A and 3B, and one for 1000-grain weight on 4B. However, differences in crossability QTL between the two T. turgidum parents may explain the segregation distortion regions on chromosomes 1A, 3B, and 6B. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic map of T. turgidum including 588 markers was constructed using a synthetic doubled haploid (SynDH) hexaploid wheat population. Five QTLs for three agronomic traits were identified from this population. However, more markers are needed to increase the density and resolution of this map in the future study.     

SPM阈值校正结果显示方法的改进

目的:使统计参数图软件(SPM)采用多种校正后的统计比较结果.方法:利用门限的方法,对三种结果的数值归类,采用多阈值进行分割,并利用彩色映射表,将三种结果彩显于同一平面图内.结果:三种结果分别以淡蓝、橙色和深红色显示于深蓝色参照图中.结论:该方法得到图像直观对比度好,且易实现,实用性较强.     

Heterocyclic ketones as inhibitors of histone deacetylase

Several heterocyclic ketones were investigated as potential inhibitors of histone deacetylase. Nanomolar inhibitors such as 22 and 25 were obtained, the anti-proliferative activity of which were shown to be mediated by HDAC inhibition.     

极端酶的研究进展

极端酶具有超常的生物学稳定性,能够在极端温度、pH、压力和离子强度下表现出生物学活性,因此极端酶为生物催化和生物转化提供了良机.新的极端物种的发现、基因组序列的确定及基因工程技术的应用,加快了发现和制备新酶的进程.蛋白质工程和定向进化技术进一步改善酶的活性和特异性,促进了极端酶的工业应用.对极端酶的研究加深了人们对酶稳定性机制的理解,丰富了分子进化理论.     

高效降解棉酚菌株的选育及脱毒条件的研究

From mildewed cottonseed cake and stock cultUres of mold and yeast We select more than ten strains of yeastS and molds which can degrade cotton Phenol. At last we got four strains which can degrade cotton phenol highly effeted after mutagenized by physical and chemical factors and induced by cotton Phenol. They belong to Candida tropicalis, Torulopsis candida, Aspergillus flavus and ASPergillus niger. By small and medium size fermenfations, the content of dissociated cottom Phenol all reach safe criterion (…