人血红细胞蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTPP）的研究Ⅰ·PTPP在红细胞胞浆和膜中的分布及其影响因素

通过测定红细胞胞浆及膜中的ＰＴＰＰ活性,发现人正常血红细胞中胞浆ＰＴＰＰ活性约占红细胞ＰＴＰＰ总活性的７０－８０％,膜中只有约２０－３０％的ＰＴＰＰ活性。很多因素诸如：病变、ＰＨ值、温度、离子强度、细胞贮存时间以及药物等,对ＰＴＰＰ在胞浆与膜中的分布有影响。可以推测：膜上的ＰＴＰＰ能通过某种机制解离下来,进入胞浆;相反的过程,胞浆中的ＰＴＰＰ也能通过某种机制与膜结合。这种偶联与去偶联的具体机制及其生理功能还有待进一步探索。     

Studies on atrophic change of soleus muscle and its countermeasures in suspended rat

In the environment of microgravity, the disused atrophy of skeletal muscle, especially leg's muscle, would occur. The three purposes of this study were: 1. To observe the dynamic changes of disused atrophy of skeletal muscle under simulated weightlessness; 2. To approach the mechanism of disused atrophy of muscle; 3. To approach the countermeasures for reducing the degree of atrophy of muscle.     

Do independent processes control the activation and inactivation of potassium contracture tension in rat skeletal muscle?

Potassium (K⁺) contracture tension, measured in small bundles of rat soleus muscle fibers during maintained depolarization, increases to a peak value and then decays either to the baseline or to a pedestal level. We have tested the hypothesis that the rise and fall of tension are determined by independent activation and inactivation processes. If the “Independence” hypothesis is correct, tension during the decay of K⁺ contractures should equal tension predicted from the product of the activation and inactivation parameters determined from the same K⁺ contractures. Both the measured and predicted tensions decayed to a pedestal level that was increased in amplitude in the presence of perchlorate ions. However, the measured tensions in normal solutions and in the presence of perchlorate were three to five times smaller than the predicted tensions. This result indicates that the activation and inactivation of processes controlling the rise and decay of K⁺ contracture tension are not independent.     

Thermodynamic, thermomechanical, and structural properties of a hydrated asymmetric phosphatidylcholine.

1-Behenyl-2-lauryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (22/12 PC) belongs to a unique group of phospholipids in which the molecule has one acyl chain almost twice as long as the other. The temperature-composition phase diagram for this lipid in the range of 25-65 degrees C, and 0 to 84.3% (w/w) water has been constructed by using the isoplethal method in the heating direction and x-ray diffraction for phase identification and structure characterization. At water contents between 10.3 and 34% (w/w) and at temperatures below 43 degrees C, a single mixed interdigitated lamellar gel phase (Lm beta, [symbol: see text]) of the type described by Hui et al. (1984. Biochemistry. 23:5570-5577) and McIntosh et al. (1984. Biochemistry. 23:4038-4044) was found. A second phase consisting of bulk aqueous solution coexists with the Lm beta phase at hydration levels above 34% (w/w) water in the temperature range between 25 and 43 degrees C. Above 43 degrees C, a partially interdigitated lamellar liquid crystalline (Lp alpha) phase ([symbol: see text]) is seen in the water concentration range extending from 0 to 84.3% (w/w). The pure Lp alpha phase is found below 43% (w/w) water, while coexistence of the Lp alpha phase and the bulk aqueous solution is observed above this water concentration which marks the hydration boundary. Interestingly, the latter boundary for both Lm beta and Lp alpha phases is nearly vertical in the temperature range studied. Furthermore, the lamellar chain-melting transition temperature appears to be relatively insensitive to hydration in the range 0-85% (w/w) water. We have confirmed the identify of the Lm beta phase by constructing a 5.7-A resolution electron density profile on oriented samples by the swelling method. Temperature-induced chain melting effects an increase in lipid bilayer thickness suggesting that the Lp alpha phase has chains packed in the partially as opposed to the mixed interdigitated configuration. Unlike the symmetric phosphatidylcholines a ripple (P beta') phase was not found as an intermediate between the low and high temperature lamellar phases of 22/12 PC. The specific volume of 22/12 PC is 940 (+/- 1) microliter/g and 946 (+/- 1) microliter/g in the hydrated lamellar gel state at 28 (+/- 2) and 40 (+/- 2) degrees C, respectively, from neutral buoyancy experiments. Based on measurements of the temperature dependence of the various lattice parameters of the different phases encountered in this study the corresponding lattice thermal expansion coefficients have been measured. These are discussed and their dependence on lipid hydration is reported.     

复合四倍体异育银鲫个体间遗传异质性的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳,分析比较了４个不同的银鲫雌核发育系,红鲤和复合四倍体异育银鲫鳍的５种不同的同工酶及蛋白表型的差异,表明复合四倍体异育银鲫表型上的差异主要是来自银鲫种内的遗传差异（不同的雌核发育系）。来源于同一个银鲫雌核发育系的复合四倍体异育银鲫,个体间的ＥＳＴ同工酶出现差异,并与父体红鲤的ＥＳＴ同工酶的多态性相关,因此,复合四倍体异育银鲫个体间的异质性也包含了来自父本的遗传影响。在所检测     

鱼类远缘杂交正反交杂种胚胎发育差异的细胞遗传学分析

本文报道了鲤(Cyprinus carpio)×鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鲫(Carassiusauratus)×鲢、白鲫(Carassius auratus cuvieri)×鲢和鲢×鲤、鲢×鲫、鲢×白鲫的正反交试验。在鲤×鲢、鲫×鲢和白鲫×鲢3个正交组中,胚胎发育基本正常,尽管孵出的鱼苗绝大多数生命力弱,但孵化率都在50％左右;而在鲢×鲤、鲢×鲫和鲢×白鲫3个反交组中,胚胎发育均为畸形,不能孵化出苗。 胚胎发育细胞遗传学分析表明,鲤×鲢、鲫×鲢和白鲫×鲢的杂种胚胎几乎都是整倍体,而鲢×鲤、鲢×鲫×鲢×白鲫的杂种胚胎基本上是非整倍体,染色体数变化较大。这些正反交杂种胚胎发育的显著差异可能与其亲本物种间的基因组大小有关。文中还分析讨论了这些正反交差异与天然多倍体物种以及胚胎发育速度的相关性,认为天然多倍体物种可能具有一些不同于普通二倍体物种协调外源基因组的能力。     

Ar^＋,远红外激光,γ射线单一及复合处理水稻的诱变效果

用Ar~+、远红外两种激光和~(60)Co—r射线单一或复合处理两个籼稻品种的干种子,分析和比较了不同处理对水稻的当代生物学效应及处理二代的变异频率。结果表明,两种激光对当代的几个性状均表现为刺激效应,并有减轻,射线辐射损伤的作用,复合处理二代的变异频率和变异类型数明显高于相应的单一处理。说明复合处理是提高激光育种效果的有效方法。     

我国新疆球蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：球蛛科）

记述我国新疆和田县球蛛属1新种,命名为和田球蛛,新种Theridon hotanenis Sp.nov。,     

甲基毒死蜱对红细胞膜乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用及其与膜脂相互关系

以人红细胞膜为材料,研究了甲基毒死蜱与膜上乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的相互作用及其与膜脂的关系。结果显示,甲基毒死蜱对人红细胞膜AChE有明显的抑制作用,与膜温育30min,其半数抑制浓度约为0.10 mmol/L。动力学分析表明,其抑制作用为非竞争性。0.2％Triton X-100并不改变AChE对甲基毒死蜱的敏感性,亦即AChE上甲基毒死蜱的作用部位与其所处的脂质微环境无关。