Transposon mutagenesis of baculoviruses: analysis of TFP3 lepidopteran transposon insertions at the FP locus of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses

We report the complete sequences of two representatives of the TFP3 transposable element family of the lepidopteran, Trichoplusia ni. These elements were isolated as insertions mobilized from the Lepidopteran host genome into two closely related nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) during infection. Both elements inserted within the 500-bp FP locus of the respective viral genomes (map units 36.0 to 37.0), causing a distinctive plaque morphology phenotype and the loss of a 25-kDa viral-specific protein. Both insertions occurred at the identical TTAA target site in the respective genomes, in the same relative orientation, and are flanked by 15-bp imperfect inverted repeats. The inserted elements interrupt the 25K open reading frame (ORF). One of these FP mutants undergoes spontaneous reversion. Sequence analysis at the excision site of a spontaneous revertant demonstrates that the TFP3 elements are capable of precise excision, restoring the expression of the 25-kDa protein. We also compare the sequences of the 25K genes of the Autographa californica and Galleria mellonella viruses (AcMNPV and GmMNPV, respectively). The 25K gene sequences diverge in five areas, resulting in an additional EcoRV and TaqI site within the GmMNPV 25K gene, and extension of the ORF for an additional 2 amino acids at the C-terminus of the predicted GmMNPV 25 kDa protein. The phenomenon of transposon mutagenesis of Baculovirus genomes provides a unique opportunity for analysis of transposon mobility.     

Genetic analysis and regulation of the Rhizobium meliloti genes controlling C4-dicarboxylic acid transport

The genes controlling the transport of C4-dicarboxylic acids from Rhizobium meliloti have been cloned and analysed. The nucleotide sequence of the control region of the structural dctA and the regulatory dctBD genes has been determined. Comparison with the Rhizobium leguminosarum dct genes revealed a high degree of homology. Gene fusions to the enteric lacZY reporter gene were constructed and the expression of the dctA and dctBD genes studied under various physiological conditions. In free-living cells, the regulatory dctBD genes are absolutely required for the expression of the dctA gene. In the root nodule environment, a dctA::lacZY gene fusion was found to be expressed in an R. meliloti strain mutated in both the dctB and dctD genes, but not in a strain mutated in the dctB gene alone. The presence of the conserved upstream NifA-binding sites on the dctA promoter sequence, coupled with the fact that the dctA::lacZY gene fusion is not expressed in root nodules formed by a nifA mutant strain of R. meliloti, supports the suggestion that NifA may be involved in the symbiotic expression of dctA in the absence of the regulatory dctBD genes. Under micro-aerobic conditions, however, NifA induction alone is not sufficient for expression of the dctA promoter, even though the NifA-dependent nifHDK promoter is highly expressed under these conditions.     

微孔草油中脂肪酸的分离和鉴定

微孔草[Microula sikkimensis(Clarke)Hemsl.]种子含油45%,其油中含有γ-亚麻酸,(顺式-6,9,12-十八碳三烯酸)8.1%。通过硝酸银硅胶柱层析和高压液相色谱分离,采用高碘酸钠、高锰酸钾氧化裂解的方法和红外光谱,紫外光谱,气相色谱分析,质谱分析,对油中的γ-亚麻酸,顺式-6,9,12,15-十八碳四烯酸,顺式-11-廿碳烯酸,顺式-13-廿二碳烯酸,顺式-15-廿四碳烯酸进行了分离、鉴定。     

菘蓝多倍体育种的研究

本文报道药用植物菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Foft.)同源四倍体的诱发、鉴定、选育的研究。用0.05-0.5％浓度的秋水仙碱水溶液处理萌发的种子,或用0.05-0.3％浓度的此溶液处理幼苗的生长点,均可以获得四倍体植株。最适宜的处理时间为6-12小时。除用直接的细胞学技术鉴定多倍体植株外,一些重要的间接鉴定特征,如叶表皮保卫细胞中叶绿体数,花粉沟数可作为鉴定本种多倍体植株的可靠指标。比较了四倍体植株和二倍体亲本的生物学特性。经过数代选育,获得了性状稳定、繁殖力正常、根与叶中活性成分均有较大幅度提高、生产性能良好的品系。     

气孔下腔间的水汽扩散

本文把气孔及其下腔看作截面为椭圆形的柱形区域,提出一个水汽从气孔下腔内所有细胞表面扩散到气孔外端的三维扩散模型。根据 Fick 定律和质量守恒定律建立了支配该模型的水汽扩散方程。用有限差分法,借助于计算机求得水汽从气孔下腔的所有细胞表面扩散到气孔内端所遇到的阻力及其近似表达式。并从理论上对该阻力的倒数——导度随气孔面积而变化的方式做了分析和解释。通过将本模型求得的气孔下腔阻力计算公式与 Brown 等以及 Cooke 的公式比较,发现在气孔开度变化相当大的范围内用后面两公式计算的阻力偏大0.5—1倍左右。此外,计算结果还表明:在气孔下腔水散失总量中,腔内表皮细胞表面上的水散失量占86—96%,而保卫细胞表面上的水散失量又占后者的88—93%,副卫细胞表面上的水散失量仅7—12%。     

清香桂碱D和矮陀陀胺碱A,B的结构

本文报道从国产清香桂(Sarcococca ruscifolta)和金丝矮陀陀(Pachysandra axillaria)植物中分得的三个胺碱型新甾体生物碱清香桂碱 D 和矮陀陀胺碱 A、B 的化学结构,并首次归属了它们的~(13)C NMR 数据。     

Changes in membrane polar lipids associated with bud break in apple induced by nitroguanidines

The predominant lipids in membranes obtained from apple buds were galacto- and phospholipids. The major galactolipid components in apple bud were monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) and digalactosyl diglyceride (DGDG). Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the major phospholipids in the apple buds. -Linolenic acid (C 18:3) was the major fatty acid in MGDG, DGDG, and PC. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the only lipid to contain significant amounts of palmitic acid (C 16:0) in the dormant buds. An increase in the galacto- and phospholipids and the ratio of the unsaturated fatty acids to the corresponding saturated fatty acids of the buds occurred as a result of induction by 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-nitroguanidine or 1-(-ethylbenzyl)-3-nitroguanidine during bud break. The identities of fatty acids in apple buds were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.     

短尾猴（Macaca arctoides）和猕猴跟骨的功能形态研究

本文从形态描述和统计入手,对短尾猴(macaca arctoides)和猕猴的跟骨进行了比较研究。结果表明,所研究的跟骨变量无论数值大小还是几何图形结构都存在一定差异。特别是跟骨最大宽、跟长、后距骨连结面长、跟骨高度及相对跟长存在显著性差异水平。猕猴跟骨变量间的相关关系比短尾猴的表现得更为紧密。据其形态与功能的关系,我们认为:与猕猴相较,短尾猴更适应于地栖生活。这似乎与短尾猴具更大的体重有关。     

下肢长骨骨重的非对称性

本文测量82副中国成年下股长骨即股骨,胫骨和腓骨的重量,在两侧骨重相差>1％时,则股骨、胫骨和腓骨及其三骨总重均以非对称性为多,均具有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。除腓骨重具有明显侧别差异外,其余无显著性侧别差异,对腓骨侧差解释为:①腓骨主要机能是肌的附着,而下肢对踢和足趾取物具有明显的侧别差异;②以两侧骨重相差>1％时为非对称性的标准,由于腓骨绝对重量较小,在两侧相差<0.5克时即多属非对称性。     

青海藏族青少年骨龄与生长发育关系研究

本文报告了青海省境内,世居在海拔3000-4000米地区的728名7-18岁健康藏族青少年学生的手、腕部骨骼发育情况,对骨化中心出现和骨骺愈合求出了50%出现年龄,并对骨龄与青春期身高突增的关系及与月经初衬潮的关系进行了分析。