HPLC测定灵芝子实体水提物及相关产品中三萜的含量

灵芝药品大多以灵芝子实体水提物为原料,为快速准确测定灵芝子实体水提物及相关产品中三萜的含量,建立了具有较好分离效果的HPLC分析测定方法。通过优化色谱柱和洗脱条件,优选出Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-乙酸水溶液(0.01%)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长252 nm,柱温30℃,该条件下灵芝酸A、灵芝酸F等10种灵芝酸得到较好的分离。方法学考察显示该分析方法精密度、重复性、稳定性和加样回收率的RSD值均小于5%,可以用于灵芝酸C2、灵芝酸G、灵芝烯酸B、灵芝酸B等10种灵芝酸的定量检测。通过对灵芝子实体原料、水提物和市售灵芝产品中10种三萜类成分分析发现,灵芝子实体水提物中均含有这10种三萜,含量为2.52%–6.83%,较子实体原料大幅提高,市售的灵芝产品中的三萜含量为0.27%–0.84%。该方法的建立为灵芝水提物及其产品质量标准的建立奠定基础。     

不同银杏内酯对黑曲霉线粒体结构及功能的影响

真菌感染作为威胁人类健康的传染性疾病之一,是普遍的全球性问题。本研究通过在黑曲霉的孢子悬浮液中添加不同浓度的银杏内酯,收集黑曲霉菌丝体,评估黑曲霉线粒体的结构和功能,考察不同银杏内酯B和C对黑曲霉的抗真菌效果。透射电子显微镜扫描发现经银杏内酯B处理后的黑曲霉线粒体表现出明显的空泡化,基质结构被破坏;线粒体三羧酸循环中关键酶琥珀酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活性下降,线粒体膜电位降低,丙二醛和活性氧水平显著升高。研究结果初步揭示了银杏内酯以剂量依赖的方式损坏线粒体膜的完整性,破坏线粒体结构,进一步损害线粒体功能;银杏内酯B的抗黑曲霉效果要显著高于银杏内酯C。     

马铃薯StCRKs基因家族的鉴定分析及响应逆境信号的表达

为鉴定马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）中富含半胱氨酸的类受体激酶（cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase,CRKs）,利用Pfam等工具对马铃薯蛋白质组和基因组序列进行分析,共鉴定到18个新的马铃薯StCRKs家族基因,这些基因分布在1、2、11和12号染色体上,均具有典型保守的CRK结构域。StCRKs基因的启动子区具有响应5种植物激素、昼夜节律、生物胁迫、非生物胁迫及种子特异性的响应元件。利用qRT-PCR方法对马铃薯盆栽苗开花期的根、茎、叶和花中的18个StCRKs基因进行组织特异性表达分析,结果显示不同基因的表达部位不同。分别用水杨酸类似物BTH和4 ℃低温处理马铃薯,有13个StCRKs基因能够响应低温信号,10个StCRKs基因能够被水杨酸类似物BTH诱导。为进一步深入研究StCRKs在生物胁迫及非生物胁迫中的功能提供了线索。     

Intermittency in the Hodgkin-Huxley model

We show that action potentials in the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model result from a type I intermittency phenomenon that occurs in the proximity of a saddle-node bifurcation of limit cycles. For the Hodgkin-Huxley spatially extended model, describing propagation of action potential along axons, we show the existence of type I intermittency and a new type of chaotic intermittency, as well as space propagating regular and chaotic diffusion waves. Chaotic intermittency occurs in the transition from a turbulent regime to the resting regime of the transmembrane potential and is characterised by the existence of a sequence of action potential spikes occurring at irregular time intervals.     

基于几何形态测量学的五种稻蝗前后翅的形态变化研究

【目的】定量分析5种常见稻蝗属昆虫前后翅的形态变化规律。【方法】运用几何形态测量学方法对5种稻蝗雄性前、后翅进行量化分析,并结合主成分分析法(Principal component analysis,PCA)和薄片样条(Thin-plate spline,TPS)分析法探讨稻蝗前后翅的大小和形态变异。【结果】5种稻蝗前、后翅的大小和形态差异都比较显著,前、后翅的相似关系和5种稻蝗的系统发育关系一致。前翅差异的部位主要在缘前脉域、前缘脉域和臀脉域;后翅的差异主要在亚前缘脉域、前缘脉域及轭脉域。【结论】稻蝗前、后翅形态变化的几何形态测量学分析结果与稻蝗系统发育关系一致,可用于稻蝗属种的分类。稻蝗前、后翅发生变化的部位是其飞行时的受力部位,这些部位可以作为稻蝗物种分类特征。     

一株产透明质酸酶的菌株鉴定及酶学性质研究

透明质酸酶可用于药物渗透剂、动物皮革松散及低分子量的透明质酸制备.实验室前期筛选了一株具有较高透明质酸降解能力的菌株,本研究对其进行了 16S rRNA基因和生理生化反应鉴定,鉴定为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌,但弗氏柠檬酸杆菌来源的透明质酸酶的功能还未见报道.因而,以透明质酸为底物研究其酶学性质,结果表明:该酶最适pH值为5.5,在pH值4.0～8.0下处理1 h可以保持60％以上酶活力;最适温度为50℃,在50℃和60℃下处理1h后剩余60％以上的酶活力.该酶和人源透明质酸酶最适pH相似,但其耐热性更高.因此,本研究挖掘到了新颖的透明质酸酶的资源,并为其开发利用提供了参考价值.     

Design and structure-activity relationships of potent and selective inhibitors of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UPPS): tetramic, tetronic acids and dihydropyridin-2-ones

Based on a pharmacophore hypothesis substituted tetramic and tetronic acid 3-carboxamides as well as dihydropyridin-2-one-3-carboxamides were investigated as inhibitors of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UPPS) for use as novel antimicrobial agents. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship patterns for this class of compounds are discussed. Selectivity data and antibacterial activities for selected compounds are provided.     

Psychosocial perception of adults with onychomycosis: a blinded,controlled comparison of 1,017 adult Hong Kong residents with or without onychomycosis

Background

A survey was conducted amongst 1,017 Hong Kong residents ages 18 and over to determine their knowledge of fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) and the psychosocial impact of the disease on the relationships, social lives and careers of sufferers.

Methods

The Fungal Nail Perception Survey was conducted by email and online between May 29th and June 10th, 2013. Participants were shown three photographs of people with and without onychomycosis of the toenails. Respondents were asked ten questions (repeated for each picture) to ascertain their perceptions of the people in the pictures. Questions were related to perceptions around the ability of sufferers and non-sufferers to form relationships with others, social activities of sufferers and non-sufferers, perceptions of the effect of the disease on the potential for career success, and awareness of fungal nail disease and health. The sub-population who themselves suffered from onychomycosis were asked about self-perception as well as their perception of others with onychomycosis.

Results

Compared with non-sufferers, survey respondents perceived those with onychomycosis as less likely to be able to form good relationships. They also indicated that they would be more likely to exclude sufferers than non-sufferers from social activities and that they would be more likely to feel uncomfortable when sitting or standing beside an infected person than beside an uninfected person. Respondents perceived people with onychomycosis to be less able to perform well in their chosen career than with someone without onychomycosis. Interestingly, those respondents who themselves were infected felt socially excluded, upset and embarrassed by their infection.

Conclusions

Onychomycosis may lead to stigmatization and social exclusion. Misconceptions of onychomycosis are high and education about the disease needs to be improved. Early recognition and treatment of the disease is essential to avoid complications and improve treatment outcomes, which would lead to reduced psychosocial impact on those with fungal nail infections.