Tourism may trigger physiologically stress response of a long-term habituated population of golden snub-nosed monkeys

Wildlife tourism is a thriving form of nature-based tourism that can provide revenue for conservation funds,and increase public aware-ness of biodiversity conse...     

Home range and habitat use of male Reeves’s pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) during winter in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province, China

Home range and habitat use of male Reeves’s pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) were studied during winter of 2001～2002 and 2002～2003 in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province. Results from five individuals of Reeves’s pheasant with over 30 relocations, indicated that the average size of home range was 10.03 ± 1.17 hm² by Minimum Convex Polygon method, 8.60 ± 0.35 hm² by 90% Harmonic Mean Transformation method, and 9.50 ± 1.90 hm² by 95% Fixed Kernel method. It was observed that the winter range is smaller than that in the breeding season. The mean core area of the home range was found to be 1.88 ± 0.37 hm². Although the habitat composition of the core area varied greatly for individuals, a large part of the habitats used were composed of confier and broadleaf mixed forests, masson pine forests, fir forests, and shrubs. Habitat use within the study area was non-random, while habitats within home ranges were randomly used. Habitat use was dictated by tree diameter at breast height, shrub height and coverage at 2.0 m. The proximity between forests and shrubs were also found to be important in providing refuge for the birds during winter. Recommendations for conservation management include protecting the existing habitats in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, increasing suitable habitat for Reeves’s Pheasant through artificial plantations (e.g. firs), and restoring some parts of the large shrub area into forests.     

附子多糖FⅠ的分离纯化及部分理化性质研究

白附片经热水抽提、Sevag法脱蛋白、乙醇沉淀、DEAE-C32柱层析分离,再通过Sephadex G-200柱层析进一步纯化,得到一种纯白色粉末状多糖,糖含量为97%,平均分子量为2.6×105,熔点为270℃.经完全酸水解、薄层层析、红外光谱分析,证明为葡聚糖.     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原基因在中国地鼠卵巢细胞中的高效表达及纯化抗原免疫原性的研究

本文报告了两个拷贝的adr亚型HBs基因的pSV2质粒组建,其中一个拷贝只含S基因,受SV40早期启动子的直接控制,另一个拷贝连接于pSV2质粒dhfr基因下游,含有前S和S基因及其本身的启动子,用此重组质粒转化CHO-dhfr~-细胞,经选择,获得了高效表达HBsAg的CHO-32-C23及CHO-Ⅱ-5细胞系,最佳培养条件及HBsAg分泌动态的研究结果表明,CHO-Ⅱ-5系细胞分泌HBsAg的最佳条件是37℃培养,培养基中加2％小牛血清,每日收换液;用5％小牛血清,每48小时收换液则次之,但较实用,转瓶培养产量约2.μg/ml,将CHO-32-C23细胞系产生的液体初步纯化,在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上显示23k和27k蛋白带,用其免疫NIH小鼠,EDSO为0.119μg,对照血源菌ED_(50)为0.083μg,二者的免疫原性近似。     

Identification of sequence variants in genetic disease-causing genes using targeted next-generation sequencing

Background

Identification of gene variants plays an important role in research on and diagnosis of genetic diseases. A combination of enrichment of targeted genes and next-generation sequencing (targeted DNA-HiSeq) results in both high efficiency and low cost for targeted sequencing of genes of interest.

Methodology/Principal Findings

To identify mutations associated with genetic diseases, we designed an array-based gene chip to capture all of the exons of 193 genes involved in 103 genetic diseases. To evaluate this technology, we selected 7 samples from seven patients with six different genetic diseases resulting from six disease-causing genes and 100 samples from normal human adults as controls. The data obtained showed that on average, 99.14% of 3,382 exons with more than 30-fold coverage were successfully detected using Targeted DNA-HiSeq technology, and we found six known variants in four disease-causing genes and two novel mutations in two other disease-causing genes (the STS gene for XLI and the FBN1 gene for MFS) as well as one exon deletion mutation in the DMD gene. These results were confirmed in their entirety using either the Sanger sequencing method or real-time PCR.

Conclusions/Significance

Targeted DNA-HiSeq combines next-generation sequencing with the capture of sequences from a relevant subset of high-interest genes. This method was tested by capturing sequences from a DNA library through hybridization to oligonucleotide probes specific for genetic disorder-related genes and was found to show high selectivity, improve the detection of mutations, enabling the discovery of novel variants, and provide additional indel data. Thus, targeted DNA-HiSeq can be used to analyze the gene variant profiles of monogenic diseases with high sensitivity, fidelity, throughput and speed.     

黄梅秤锤树孤立居群的遗传多样性及其小尺度空间遗传结构

研究濒危植物片断化孤立居群不同年龄阶段植株的遗传多样性和小尺度空间遗传结构有助于认识残存居群动态和制订保育策略。本研究选取黄梅秤锤树(Sinojackia huangmeiensis)的一个片断化孤立居群(面积160m×80m)为研究对象,对居群内60株成年个体、175株幼树和198株幼苗全部定位,采用8个微卫星位点检测了居群内不同生活史阶段植株的遗传多样性、空间遗传结构,并分析了花粉和种子传播距离和式样。结果表明,黄梅秤锤树居群3种不同年龄阶段植株的遗传多样性之间无显著差异;居群出现显著的杂合子缺失,可能是由近交造成的;在10m以内成年个体、幼树和幼苗植株均呈现出显著的空间遗传结构,说明种子扩散限制于成年母树周边;种子和花粉传播的平均距离分别为9.07±13.38和23.81±23.60m,且花粉和种子传播式样均呈"L"型分布;种子雨重叠少、有限的基因流、自疏以及近亲繁殖是造成各年龄阶段出现空间遗传结构的主要原因。本研究结果启示,在采集秤锤树迁地保护材料时个体间距离应超过10m,以降低采样个体的遗传相似性;同时在就地保护过程中需要人为促进基因流和加强幼苗管理,以降低近交风险。     

麻疹病毒融合蛋白(F)和血凝素(HA)在痘苗病毒中的表达

将麻疹病毒F和HA基因插入到痘苗病毒中,分别处于痘苗启动子P7.5与P11控制下,获得重组病毒vLmF和vCmH。用抗F多肽抗体和HA单抗进行ELISA检测,结果表明,两株重组病毒均能表达相应的麻疹蛋白。蛋白印迹显示重组病毒表达产物在分子大小,蛋白切割和糖化方面与麻疹病毒糖蛋白一致。两株重组病毒分别免疫家兔都能产生较高滴度的麻疹抗体,这些抗体具有中和作用和血溶抑制作用。此外,vCmH产生的抗体还具有血凝抑制作用。     

胞外ATP在男性生殖道中的作用

胞外ATP除了能广泛作为神经递质外,还被认为是一种旁分泌或自分泌因子。ATP从男性生殖道中的精子或上皮细胞中释放,在调节各种生殖生理功能中起多种作用。本文综述了ATP调节附睾上皮细胞阴离子分泌的信号通路,阐述了ATP对依赖上皮细胞的输精管平滑肌收缩的调节机制,讨论了ATP在男性生殖道中的功能和作用。     

高效液相色谱和气相色谱在放线菌分类鉴定中的应用

随着新菌株不断被分离及已有的大量菌株,快速、准确的分类鉴定及高效排重对微生物资源开发日益重要,而快速发展的色谱技术使之逐渐成为可能.以标准菌株和标准品优化了色谱技术中的高效液相色谱(HPLC)和气相色谱(GC)在放线菌的DNA(G+C)mol%、甲基萘醌和脂肪酸中的鉴定方法及测定参数.优化的色谱鉴定方法不但有利于各个指征的分析更快,更精确,也有利于高效排重,甚至也可检验已有的分类鉴定是否正确而纠正错误属、种的划分.