Aß Facilitates LTD at Schaffer Collateral Synapses Preferentially in the Left Hippocampus

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Maltodextrin stimulates growth of Bacillus cereus and synthesis of diarrheal enterotoxin in infant milk formulae.

One hundred reconstituted milk-based infant formulae (IMF) representative of 10 leading brands available in many European Economic Community countries were examined for Bacillus cereus and for the presence of diarrheal enterotoxin. Sixty-three reconstituted IMF supported growth of the organism after 14 h at 25 degrees C, and in 4 of these, which contained maltodextrin, enterotoxin was detected. Reconstituted IMF (and basal synthetic media) supplemented with > or = 0.1% maltodextrin supported both growth of B. cereus and diarrheal toxin production when incubated for 14 h or more at 25 degrees C.     

Regulation of salt respiration in carrot root slices

In slices of carrot-phloem parenchyma washed for 7 days in water at 20 C, 50 mm KCl stimulates respiration by up to 100% of the ground respiration within 4 minutes of application. The data presented imply that ADP liberated in the cytoplasm as a consequence of KCl accumulation first stimulates a regulator reaction requiring ADP (phosphoglycerate kinase). Thereafter, the point of control alternates between this reaction and the phosphofructokinase reaction, forming a sequence of enzyme stimulations which continue after the new steady state of increased respiration is established. KCl induces a similar sequence in slices washed for 3 days, but it is completed within 3 minutes, and metabolite oscillations are not so marked. In slices washed for 2 days, KCl stimulates respiration by less than 10%, and the sequence of regulator reactions does not occur. Phosphoglycerate kinase is the only enzyme stimulated within 3 minutes of applying KCl to these slices. Contrary to previous reports, KCl frequently stimulates the respiration of freshly prepared slices by 10 to 30%.     

Some like it hot: the physiological ecology of C4 plant evolution

Oecologia - The evolution of C4 photosynthesis requires an intermediate phase where photorespiratory glycine produced in the mesophyll cells must flow to the vascular sheath cells for metabolism by...