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81.
Selective emergence and survival of early polypeptides in water 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
André Brack 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》1987,17(3-4):367-379
Oligopeptides essential to primitive cells could not be obtained just by raising the background noise of organic compounds
produced by a prebiotic chemistry working at random. Selection pathways were required. Experimental evidence is given for
selective condensation of amino acids in water as well as for selective resistance to degradation. It is shown that N-carboxyanhydrides
are good candidates for chemical selection in water. They are formed when active esters of amino acids are left in the presence
of bicarbonate ions or when N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole is used as condensing agent. Polymerization of a mixture of proteinaceous
and non-proteinaceous amino acids leads to an enrichment in the proteinaceous ones plusα-aminobutyric acid. Selective resistance toward degradation ofβ-pleated sheet conformation is used to exemplify a possible accumulation of homochiral sequences made of hydrophilic and strong
hydrophobic residues. Amino acids with branched aliphatic side-chains are selected but those having short linear aliphatic
side-chains such asα-aminobutyric acid or norvaline are not. 相似文献
82.
Marco L. F. Giuseppin Hendrikus M. J. van Eijk Marja Hellendoorn José W. van Almkerk 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1987,27(1):31-36
Summary The changes in cell wall strength of Hansenula polymorpha have been investigated in continuous cultures with respect to the recovery of methanol oxidase (MOX). Cultures grown on several substrate mixtures that enable induction of MOX have been compared with cultures grown on methanol as the sole inducer. The effects of dilution rate (D) on lysis properties have been studied. The cell wall strength was consistently influenced by growth media and D. Media containing glycerol/methanol showed the slowest lysis kinetics, with a large fraction of non-degradable cell wall material. In continuous cultures grown on a mixture of glucose and methanol both the resistance to zymolyase and the mean cell wall thickness increased at D<0.1 h–1. The yield of MOX by zymolyase lysis is reproducible and up to 100% higher than that of the standard ultrasonic treatment. The lysis kinetics indicated that zymolyase punctures the cell wall; since the release rate of MOX is lower than that of protein, the cell contents will leak through. At D-values>0.2 h–1, both protein and MOX release rates increase, reflecting a change in lysis mechanism due to the increased fraction of thin daughter cells. Kinetic analysis of zymolyase lysis using both physical and enzymatic methods provides information for achieving optimal recovery of MOX.Abbreviations and symbols
C
MOX
MOX activity [MOX units·g X–1]
-
D
dilution rate [h–1]
- MOX
methanol oxidase
- kc
decay rate constant of A 610 nm [min–1]
- kd
decay constant of MOX activity [min–1]
- kdis
dissociation rate constant [min–1]
- kMOX
release rate constant of MOX activity [min–1]
- kp
release rate constant of protein [min–1]
- R
recovery efficiency of enzyme [-]
-
St
stability of enzyme [-] 相似文献
83.
Summary The regulation of extracellular amylase production by the basidiomycetous yeast Filobasidium capsuligenum CCY 64-5-1 was characterized using growing and resting cells. A basal level of amylolytic activity was produced with various carbon sources including glucose. Amylase secretion was repressed by glucose and, more severely, by 2-deoxy-d-glucose, whereas compounds with -1,4-linked glucose, such as methyl glucoside, maltose, -cyclodextrin and soluble starch, served as inducers. Repression was not relieved by exogenously added cAMP. The effects of several metabolic inhibitors on amylase secretion were studied. Following UV-mutagenesis a mutant strain (FC-5) capable of growing in a 2-deoxy-d-glucose supplemented corn starch medium was selected for further characterization. This strain produced more amylase, had acquired an increased resistance against repression by glucose, and retained a growth rate comparable to the wild type. FC-5 was also characterized by a reduced glucokinase activity and an increased hexokinase activity. 相似文献
84.
Ahmed Lebrihi Pierre Germain Gérard Lefebvre 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1987,26(2):130-135
Summary Production of cephamycin and clavulanic acid by Streptomyces clavuligerus is controlled by the phosphate concentration. Phosphate represses the biosynthesis of cephamycin synthetase, expandase and clavulanic acid synthetase. In the presence of 2 mM phosphate, the specific activities of expandase, cephamycin synthetase and clavulanic acid synthetase were higher than in the presence of 75 mM phosphate. The specific activity of cephamycin synthetase is maximal with an initial phosphate concentration of 10 mM, whereas the specific activity of expandase is maximal with 1 mM phosphate. A correlation between cephamycin synthetase specific activity and expandase specific activity was established at phosphate concentrations higher than 10 mM. This shows that the expandase is an important enzyme in the mechanism by which the phosphate concentration affects the biosynthesis of cephamycin. 相似文献
85.
86.
Axonal Transport Characteristics of Gangliosides in Sensory Axons of Rat Sciatic Nerve 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
G. Jean Harry Jeffry F. Goodrum Arrel D. Toews† Pierre Morell† 《Journal of neurochemistry》1987,48(5):1529-1536
The distribution of axonally transported gangliosides and glycoproteins along the sciatic nerve was examined from 3 h to 4 weeks following injection of[3H]glucosamine into the fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion of adult rats. Incorporation of labeled precursor into these glycoconjugates reached a maximal level in the ganglion within 6 h. Outflow patterns of radioactivity for glycoproteins showed a well-defined crest with a transport rate of approximately 330 mm/day. In contrast, the crest of transported gangliosides was continuously attenuated, implying a significant deposition along the axon, and an alternative method of calculating velocity was required. Analysis of accumulation of labeled material at double ligatures demonstrated both anterograde and retrograde transport of glycoproteins and gangliosides and allowed for the calculation of an anterograde transport rate of about 270 mm/day for each. Additional evidence of ganglioside transport is provided in that the TLC pattern of transported radioactive gangliosides accumulating at a ligature is significantly different from the pattern seen in the dorsal root ganglion or following intraneural administration of the labeled precursor. These data indicate that gangliosides are transported at the same rapid rate as glycoproteins but are subject to a more extensive exchange with stationary material than are glycoproteins. 相似文献
87.
Dinucleoside tetraphosphate variations in cultured tumor cells during their cell cycle and growth 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gilbert Moris Denise Meyer Georges Orfanoudakis Nicole Befort Jean-Pierre Ebel Pierre Remy 《Biochimie》1987,69(11-12):1217-1225
Asynchronous and synchronized cultures of A549 and HTC cells were used to detect possible, cell cycle or cell density specific variations in the intracellular pools of dinucleoside tetraphosphates (Ap4X). No important variations of the nucleotide pools were observed during cell growth. When HTC cells were released from mitotic arrest, a decrease by a factor of N3 Ap4X and ATP levels was observed when the cells entered the G1 phase. This decrease is essentially due to cell doubling. When A549 cells were released from an arrest at the G1/S boundary, the nucleotide pool size increased slightly during the G2 phase just before mitosis. This result is in agreement with both earlier data from our laboratory and the observed decrease in Ap4X pool after release from mitotic-arrested HTC cells. These results suggest that the Ap4X and ATP pools are only subjected to very small variations during the cell cycle, essentially in the G2 phase and after mitosis. 相似文献
88.
We have studied the chromatin structure ofPenicillium chrysogenum. This fungus presents the typical nucleosomal repeat and the core DNA size characteristic of all the eukaryotes. The repeat length (about 180 base pairs) is in the range of those obtained for most fungi (160–180 base pairs) and shorter than in higher eukaryotes. Knowledge aboutP. chrysogenum chromatin structure opens the way to the study of the mechanisms of genetic regulation in this filamentous fungus. 相似文献
89.
Alberto Barros M. Carmo Tavares Sérgio Castedo M. Salomé Pereira M. Purificação Tavares M. Almeida e Costa 《Human genetics》1987,75(4):388-390
Summary A double balanced reciprocal translocation involving four chromosomes, t(1;19;6;14) (1p11; 19p11; 6q25; 14q21), was found in the phenotypically normal husband in a couple referred because of repeated abortions. Reciprocal translocations, t(6;14), had been transmitted by his mother, his father being apparently homozygous for a translocation comprising pairs 1 and 19-t(1;19)(1;19). The genetic consequences of this complex chromosomal rearrangement are analyzed. 相似文献
90.
Fragile sites,chromosome evolution,and human neoplasia 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Rosa Miró Inmaculada Concepción Clemente Carmen Fuster José Egozcue 《Human genetics》1987,75(4):345-349
Summary In a study of the possible relationship between human fragile sites, chromosomal rearrangements related to neoplasia, and chromosome regions involved in evolutionary changes, we have found that 17 fragile sites related to cancer, 15 fragile sites not related to cancer, and 17 non-fragile regions also related to human malignancy correspond or are close to bands involved in rearrangements that have taken place during chromosomal evolution in primates. 相似文献