Host Modulators of H1N1 Cytopathogenicity

Influenza A virus infects 5-20% of the population annually, resulting in ～35,000 deaths and significant morbidity. Current treatments include vaccines and drugs that target viral proteins. However, both of these approaches have limitations, as vaccines require yearly development and the rapid evolution of viral proteins gives rise to drug resistance. In consequence additional intervention strategies, that target host factors required for the viral life cycle, are under investigation. Here we employed arrayed whole-genome siRNA screening strategies to identify cell-autonomous molecular components that are subverted to support H1N1 influenza A virus infection of human bronchial epithelial cells. Integration across relevant public data sets exposed druggable gene products required for epithelial cell infection or required for viral proteins to deflect host cell suicide checkpoint activation. Pharmacological inhibition of representative targets, RGGT and CHEK1, resulted in significant protection against infection of human epithelial cells by the A/WS/33 virus. In addition, chemical inhibition of RGGT partially protected against H5N1 and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic strain. The observations reported here thus contribute to an expanding body of studies directed at decoding vulnerabilities in the command and control networks specified by influenza virulence factors.     

百香果内生细菌多样性及促生长特性

内生菌可为植物提供营养成分,也可以通过代谢产物促进植物生长,目前很少出现关于百香果(Passiflora edulia Sims)内生菌的研究.百香果是西番莲科西番莲属的一种草质藤本植物,主要生长于亚热带与热带地区,对其内生菌进行分离纯化,依据插入序列指纹图谱(IS-PCR)结果对所得菌株聚类,经16S rRNA基因测...     

Enhanced seed viability and lipid compositional changes during natural ageing by suppressing phospholipase Dα in soybean seed

Changes in phospholipid composition and consequent loss of membrane integrity are correlated with loss of seed viability. Furthermore, phospholipid compositional changes affect the composition of the triacylglycerols (TAG), i.e. the storage lipids. Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyses the hydrolysis of phospholipids to phosphatidic acid, and PLDα is an abundant PLD isoform. Although wild‐type (WT) seeds stored for 33 months were non‐viable, 30%–50% of PLDα‐knockdown (PLD‐KD) soybean seeds stored for 33 months germinated. WT and PLD‐KD seeds increased in lysophospholipid levels and in TAG fatty acid unsaturation during ageing, but the levels of lysophospholipids increased more in WT than in PLD‐KD seeds. The loss of viability of WT seeds was correlated with alterations in ultrastructure, including detachment of the plasma membrane from the cell wall complex and disorganization of oil bodies. The data demonstrate that, during natural ageing, PLDα affects the soybean phospholipid profile and the TAG profile. Suppression of PLD activity in soybean seed has potential for improving seed quality during long‐term storage.     

基于荧光激活细胞分选技术的超高通量酶活性筛选方法及其应用

基于荧光激活细胞分选(FACS)技术的超高通量酶活性筛选方法是新出现的一类高通量筛选技术.它利用流式细胞仪高灵敏度、高通量的特点,能以极高的速度(108/天)对大容量酶基因文库进行筛选.FACS筛选技术的出现突破了常规筛选方法低效、耗时、费力等瓶颈问题,极大地提升了人类对大容量基因文库的探索能力,因此在新酶基因筛选、酶活性检测、酶定向进化等领域有广泛的应用潜力.综述了FACS超高通量酶活性筛选方法的最新研究进展,着重介绍了其在酶定向进化中的应用.     

植物抗寒基因表达调控研究进展

低温胁迫是植物生长过程中的主要非生物胁迫因子之一,也是影响农作物生产的主要因素之一。研究表明,在植物体内存在着一个复杂的对低温胁迫信号感知及传导的网络系统,该系统中大量的相关基因已有报道,这些基因不仅仅涉及植物激素的应答,还涉及到植物基因的转录调控及转录后的修饰与调控等各个方面。该文就近年来国内外有关植物抗寒基因表达调控的研究进展进行综述。     

‘寒富’苹果二倍体及其同源四倍体叶片超微结构和叶绿素荧光参数特征

采用扫描电镜和石蜡切片法,以‘寒富’苹果二倍体及经秋水仙素加倍获得的同源四倍体植株为材料,比较两种倍性植株叶片超微结构、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数的日变化规律。结果显示:(1)与二倍体植株相比较,其同源四倍体叶片厚度、栅海比、气孔长、气孔宽、分别增加了15.1%、16.1%、70.5%、27.2%,而气孔密度显著减少了58.7%;其同源四倍体叶保卫细胞中叶绿体数和叶绿素含量分别比二倍体植株高出125.3%、37.7%。(2)‘寒富’苹果同源四倍体与其二倍体的叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ的原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在光化学效率(Fv/F0)和以吸收光能为基础的光合性能指数(PI)值的日变化趋势相似,但PI平均值比二倍体显著高出38.6%。研究表明,同源四倍体较二倍体叶片在形态上更大、更厚,气孔更大、密度更小,栅海比更大,表现出抗病的叶片结构;同时同源四倍体较二倍体含有更高的叶绿素含量,表现更优良的光合特性。     

刺山柑多酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性研究

采用Folin-Ciocalteu法,测定南疆地区刺山柑不同时期不同器官多酚类物质含量,并用DPPH法对其抗氧化活性进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)多酚类物质在不同时期刺山柑不同器官中均有分布,刺山柑不同器官中花蕾中多酚类物质含量最高,茎中多酚类物质含量最少;其中5～8月份花蕾中多酚类物质含量随月份的增加而减少,茎中多酚类物质含量随月份的增加而增加,其他器官中多酚类物质含量变化与花蕾基本相似。(2)不同时期刺山柑的不同器官均有清除DPPH自由基的能力,花蕾的抗氧化活性最强,且花蕾的抗氧化活性随月份的增加而减弱,茎的抗氧化活性最弱。     

马铃薯杂种F1的SSR鉴定

为选育抗黑痣病、高产优质的马铃薯新品种,选用引进品种‘大西洋’分别与‘陇薯6号’、‘陇薯7号’杂交,获得了杂种F1代,利用SSR标记技术对‘大西洋’与‘陇薯6号’的42个杂种F1、‘大西洋’与‘陇薯7号’的9个杂种F1单株进行了鉴定。从59对SSR引物中筛选出2对在亲本间存在差异、扩增稳定、条带清晰的引物S184和STM1049,用于‘大西洋’ב陇薯6号’杂种F1、‘大西洋’ב陇薯7号’杂种F1及其亲本的基因组DNA扩增。SSR带型分析显示,杂种F1的SSR带型呈双亲互补型、缺失型、父本型和母本型4类,依据带型特征鉴定出供试的51个马铃薯杂种F1单株均为真杂种,表明SSR分子标记技术用于马铃薯杂种真实性鉴定是可行的。该研究可为进一步开展马铃薯杂交后代目标性状优异株系选育提供依据。     

接种菌根菌短枝木麻黄对低温胁迫的响应特征

通过对接种不同菌根菌短枝木麻黄幼枝进行系列低温胁迫处理,分析抗寒性相关生理指标与接种菌根菌短枝木麻黄抗寒性关系,探讨短枝木麻黄接种菌根菌对低温胁迫的响应特征,为科学评价和改良短枝木麻黄的抗寒能力提供依据。结果表明:(1)接种菌根菌有助于短枝木麻黄形成菌根,可显著促进其苗期生长。(2)随着胁迫温度的降低,接种菌根菌短枝木麻黄嫩枝SOD、POD、CAT活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,MDA含量逐渐增加,且细胞膜透性均升高。(3)与相同温度处理下未接种对照相比,7个接种处理短枝木麻黄的嫩枝SOD、POD、CAT活性显著提高,并在0～4℃达到最高值,其MDA含量和细胞膜透性显著降低,而且各菌株处理的升降幅度存在显著差异。研究发现,在一定低温胁迫下,接种菌根菌可以显著提高短枝木麻黄嫩枝主要保护酶活性,有效降低其细胞膜透性和MDA含量,从而提高自身抗寒能力;接种内生菌根菌苏格兰球囊霉和外生菌根菌多根硬皮马勃对短枝木麻黄耐寒性的促进效果最佳。