不同治疗方案对原发免疫性血小板减少症患者外周血调节T细胞水平变化的影响及其意义分析(英文)

目的:探讨原发免疫性血小板减少症(immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)患者治疗前后外周血调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)水平变化及其在ITP发病中的作用。方法:选取2010年6月至2013年7月间276例新诊断ITP患者,男114例、女162例,中位年龄40(18-70)岁。按治疗方案随机分为地塞米松组(90例):地塞米松40 mg/d第1~4天口服;泼尼松组(98例):泼尼松1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1口服;2泼尼松组(98例):泼尼松1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1口服;地塞米松+小剂量利妥昔单抗组(88例):地塞米松40 mg/d第1-4天口服,利妥昔单抗100 mg第7、14、21、28天静脉滴注。各组患者于治疗前、治疗后14 d和28 d分别采取外周静脉血,采用流式细胞术检测CD4+CD25+CD127-细胞水平。以60名健康体检者为正常对照组。结果:治疗后第28天,地塞米松组、泼尼松组、地塞米松+小剂量利妥昔单抗组的总有效率分别66.7%、69.4%、79.5%,差异无统计学意义;随访12个月,泼尼松组(37.8%)和地塞米松组(22.7%)之间差异无统计学意义,而与地塞米松+小剂量利妥昔单抗组持续有效率(66.7%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有ITP患者治疗前外周血CD4+CD25+CD127-细胞表达水平低于健康对照组[(1.66±0.69)%对(4.01±0.38)%,P0.05];地塞米松组、泼尼松组患者治疗后14d CD4+CD25high CD127low细胞水平均高于治疗前[(3.46±0.76)%对(1.68±0.72)%、(3.22±0.77)%对(1.69±0.74)%,P值均0.05];地塞米松+小剂量利妥昔单抗组治疗后14、28d CD4+CD25+CD127-细胞水平[(4.27±1.08)%、(4.43±0.62)%]均高于治疗前[(1.67±0.67)%],差异有统计学意义(P值均0.05);治疗后28 d,泼尼松组、地塞米松组患者CD4+CD25+CD127-细胞水平[(2.68±0.63)%、(2.58±0.66)%]与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义。结论:地塞米松联合小剂量利妥昔单抗在长期疗效及提升T细胞数量方面显著优于地塞米松和泼尼松,值得临床推广。     

Circadian Rhythms in the Cercarial Emergence of Schistosoma mansoni by Biomphalaria tenagophila at Outdoors: A Comparative Study with Biomphalaria glabrata

Circadian rhythms in the emergence of S. mansoni cercariae from Biomphalaria tenagophila and B. glabrata, snail hosts of schistosomosis in Brazil, were investigated. A total of 35 specimens of B. tenagophila (São Paulo, Brazil) and 12 B. glabrata (Minas Gerais, Brazil) exposed individually to five miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni originated from the same biotope as their snail hosts, were tested. Observations were carried out at outdoors, with the quantification of cercarial emergence at 3h intervals during three consecutive days in November 1989 and in May 1990. Cercarial emergence was essentially diurnal (from 06.00-18.00h) in both species. Circadian rhythms were detected by the Single Cosinor Method among 74.3% of B. tenagophila and 91.7% of B. glabrata snails. The acrophases corresponding to individual snails were between 11.37 e 17.54h in B. tenagophila and between 14.15 and 16.29h in B. glabrata. These findings confirm our preliminary observations in B. tenagophila and are in accordance to those of other authors in regard to B. glabrata. The acrophases of individual snails were similar within each species, thus indicating that at populacional level cercarial emergence was concentrated in particular times of the day. Group acrophases for each species varied from 13.22 to 15.22h and were not significantly different between B. tenagophila and B. glabrata. Cercariae emerging from B. tenagophila snails seemed to be more sensitive to environmental temperature than those emerging from B. glabrata, at least in the temperature range prevailing along the tests. Further chronobiological studies on host-parasite interactions are encouraged to improve our knowledge about temporal aspects of schistosomosis transmission.     

Photosynthesis,stomatal conductance and terpene emission response to water availability in dry and mesic Mediterranean forests

Key message

Warmer summer conditions result in increased terpene emissions except under severe drought, in which case they strongly decrease.

Abstract

Water stress results in a reduction of the metabolism of plants and in a reorganization of their use of resources geared to survival. In the Mediterranean region, periods of drought accompanied by high temperatures and high irradiance occur in summer. Plants have developed various mechanisms to survive in these conditions by resisting, tolerating or preventing stress. We used three typical Mediterranean tree species in Israel, Pinus halepensis L., Quercus calliprinos and Quercus ithaburensis Webb, as models for studying some of these adaptive mechanisms. We measured their photosynthetic rates (A), stomatal conductance (g _s), and terpene emission rates during spring and summer in a geophysical gradient from extremely dry to mesic from Yatir (south, arid) to Birya (north, moist) with intermediate conditions in Solelim. A and g _s of P. halepensis were threefold higher in Birya than in Yatir where they remained very low both seasons. Quercus species presented 2–3-fold higher A and g _s but with much more variability between seasons, especially for Q. ithaburensis with A and g _s that decreased 10–30-fold from spring to summer. Terpene emission rates for pine were not different regionally in spring but they were 5–8-fold higher in Birya than in Yatir in summer (P < 0.05). Higher emissions were also observed in Solelim for the drought resistant Q. ithaburensis (P < 0.001) but not for Q. calliprinos. α-Pinene followed by limonene and 3-carene were the dominant terpenes. Warmer summer conditions result in increased Terpene emission rates except under severe drought, in which case they strongly decrease.

     

大树蛙与斑腿树蛙的繁殖与驯养

1997～2000年,在广州动物园生态蛙蟾馆观察与研究了笼养条件下大树蛙和斑腿树蛙的繁殖行为和驯养过程,比较了两种树蛙繁殖生态的差别。     

木霉属真菌的系统学及其应用研究

介绍了木霉属真菌的分类系统 ,有关木霉种系发育的分子生物学研究进展 ,以及在酶制剂、农业和环境保护中的应用概况。     

ELISA法检测HBeAg假性结果原因分析

目的:探讨ELISA法检测HBeAg假性结果原因方法:用ELISA法检测乙肝血清标志物,对HBsAg阳性而HBeAg阴性的标本以及HBeAg阳性的标本用ELISA法和电化学发光法复查。结果:136例HBsAg阳性而HBeAg阴性的标本经稀释复查后检出10例HBeAg阳性标本。23例溶血标本引起HBeAg假阳性。结论:钩状效应和标本溶血是引起HBeAg假阴性和假阳性的重要原因。必要时应加以复查,以减少HBeAg的错检和漏检。     

Work ability of health care shift workers: What matters?

This paper aims at identifying variables associated with inadequate work ability among nursing personnel at a public hospital, considering factors related to socio-demographic, lifestyles, working conditions, and health outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a university hospital in S?o Paulo, Brazil, as part of a larger research study on tolerance to 12 h night work. Nursing staff included registered nurses, nurse technicians, and nurse aides; in total, there were 996 healthcare workers (878 female; 118 male) at the time of the study. Some 696 workers (69.9%) of the population agreed to participate. Data collection (October 2004-July 2005) was based on a comprehensive questionnaire about living and working conditions (including incivility at work, work demands, work control, and support), mental and physical health symptoms (fatigue and sleep problems), and work ability. This report presents analyses of the adapted Brazilian version of the Work Ability Index (WAI) and associated variables. The study population worked one of the following shift schedules at this hospital: 12 h nights followed by 36 h off or 9 h or 6 h day (morning or afternoon) shifts. The mean age of the respondents was 34.9 (S.D.+/-10.4) years of age; 31.5% of the participants held two jobs. Statistical analyses using a hierarchical multiple logistic regression model were performed to evaluate the factors associated with inadequate (moderate and low scores) of the WAI. The significantly associated factors were socio-demographic (income responsibility, sole breadwinner, raising kids, age group), working conditions (thermal discomfort, organization of the workplace, and verbal abuse), and health outcomes (high body mass index, obesity, sleep problems, and fatigue). In spite of limitations of the study design, results indicate that the nursing profession is associated with stressful working conditions, contributing to inadequate WAI. This is in addition to bad living conditions and precarious work. Intervention measures, either at the workplace or at individual levels, are necessary to prevent a decrease in work ability, even in this quite young working population.     

携带EBV-LMP2基因的DNA疫苗、腺相关病毒疫苗和腺病毒疫苗免疫小鼠的特异性细胞免疫应答

细胞免疫应答, 尤其是CD3⁺CD8⁺细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL), 在控制病毒感染中扮演着重要角色. 鼻咽癌(nasopharyngenl carcinoma, NPC)与EB病毒(epstein-barr virus, EBV)持续感染密切相关, 在鼻咽癌疫苗的研究中, 人们将研究重点放在增强特异性抗病毒CTL应答上. 本研究单独或联合使用表达EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白抗原2(epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein 2, EBV-LMP2)的DNA疫苗、腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus, AAV)疫苗、非复制5型腺病毒疫苗(Ad5), 分别于0, 2, 4周肌肉注射免疫4~6周龄的雌性Balb/C小鼠, IFN-γ 免疫斑点法检测EBV-LMP2特异性细胞免疫应答水平. 疫苗诱导的特异性细胞应答水平与疫苗的免疫策略有关. 其中, 使用3种载体疫苗联合免疫的效果最好, 其次则是先使用DNA疫苗免疫两次, 再用腺病毒疫苗加强免疫一次的联合免疫方法. DNA疫苗和AAV疫苗单独免疫能够诱导出特异性的CTL, 但与联合免疫相比诱导的应答水平很低. 结果表明, 使用DNA, AAV和腺病毒载体疫苗联合免疫, 能够更好地诱导机体产生特异性细胞免疫应答, 为鼻咽癌的防治提供了很好的疫苗策略.