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31.
Major achievements have been reached in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis during past decades due to the recognition of
methotrexate as an anchor drug for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, due to the notion of a treatment window of opportunity
in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis necessitating early aggressive therapy, due to the development of biologics
and due to remission as a treatment target. Most biologics have a much faster onset of action than synthetic disease-modifying
anti-rheumatic drugs, but presently there is no convincing evidence that biologic drugs have a superior clinical efficacy
in comparison with the synthetic drugs. Biologics are, however, accompanied by less radiological deterioration. 相似文献
32.
Curtin AC De Angelis M Cipriani M Corbo MR McSweeney PL Gobbetti M 《Journal of applied microbiology》2001,91(2):312-321
AIMS: To screen the cystathionine lyase and L-methionine aminotransferase activities of cheese-related bacteria (lactococci, non-starter lactobacilli and smear bacteria) and to determine the individual and interactive effects of temperature, pH and NaCl concentration on selected enzyme activities. METHODS AND RESULTS: A subcellular fractionation protocol and specific enzyme assays were used, and a quadratic response surface methodology was applied. The majority of the strains, 21 of 33, had detectable cystathionine lyase activity which differed in the specificity. Aminotransferase activity on L-methionine was observed in only three strains. The cystathionine lyase activities of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM20016, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363, Brevibacterium linens 10 and Corynebacterium ammoniagenes 8 and the L-methionine aminotransferase activity of Lact. reuteri DSM20016 had temperature and pH optima of 30-45 degrees C, and 7.5-8.0, respectively. As shown by the quadratic response surface methodology these enzymes retained activities in the range of temperature, pH and NaCl concentration which characterized the cheeses from which the bacteria originated. CONCLUSION: The enzyme activities may have a role in flavour development during cheese ripening. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The findings of this work contribute to the knowledge about the amino acid catabolic enzymes in order to improve cheese ripening. 相似文献
33.
Rosypal AC Hailemariam S Wekheye V Huong LT Dubey JP Lindsay DS Tidwell RR 《The Journal of parasitology》2009,95(3):767
Cases of visceral leishmaniasis, one of the most neglected tropical diseases, are increasing globally. Dogs are considered an important reservoir host for visceral leishmaniasis in people. The first cases of human visceral leishmaniasis in Vietnam have recently been reported. Blood samples were collected from 41 dogs in rural Vietnam. Sera were examined for antibodies to visceralizing Leishmania spp. by canine immunochromatographic strip assays based on recombinant K39 antigen. Antibodies to Leishmania spp. were not detected in any of the dogs tested. Results from this study suggest that rural dogs are not likely to be involved in the emergence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Vietnam. 相似文献
34.
Data from population- and clinic-based epidemiologic studies of rheumatoid arthritis patients suggest that individuals with
rheumatoid arthritis are at risk for developing clinically evident congestive heart failure. Many established risk factors
for congestive heart failure are over-represented in rheumatoid arthritis and likely account for some of the increased risk
observed. In particular, data from animal models of cytokine-induced congestive heart failure have implicated the same inflammatory
cytokines produced in abundance by rheumatoid synovium as the driving force behind maladaptive processes in the myocardium
leading to congestive heart failure. At present, however, the direct effects of inflammatory cytokines (and rheumatoid arthritis
therapies) on the myocardia of rheumatoid arthritis patients are incompletely understood. 相似文献
35.
Hancock K Zajac AM Pung OJ Elvinger F Rosypal AC Lindsay DS 《The Journal of parasitology》2005,91(2):470-472
Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are reservoir hosts for Trypanosoma cruzi. A 3-yr-long serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to this zoonotic parasite in raccoons collected from Fairfax County, Virginia, a suburban/urban area outside Washington, D.C. Serum samples from 464 raccoons were examined for T. cruzi antibodies at a 1:40 dilution with an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and Brazil strain T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes as antigen. A positive IFAT test was found in 154 (33%) of the 464 samples. The yearly prevalence was 49 of 132 (37%) in 2000; 19 of 120 (16%) in 2001; and 86 of 212 (41%) in 2002. Our study indicates that raccoons in this area of Virginia are frequently exposed to T. cruzi. 相似文献
36.
Raffael AC Oliveira Ricardo VM Almeida Márcia DA Dantas Felipe N Castro Jo?o Paulo MS Lima Daniel CF Lanza 《BMC bioinformatics》2014,15(1)
Background
The PCR technique and its variations have been increasingly used in the clinical laboratory and recent advances in this field generated new higher resolution techniques based on nucleic acid denaturation dynamics. The principle of these new molecular tools is based on the comparison of melting profiles, after denaturation of a DNA double strand. Until now, the secondary structure of single-stranded nucleic acids has not been exploited to develop identification systems based on PCR. To test the potential of single-strand RNA denaturation as a new alternative to detect specific nucleic acid variations, sequences from viruses of the Totiviridae family were compared using a new in silico melting curve approach. This family comprises double-stranded RNA virus, with a genome constituted by two ORFs, ORF1 and ORF2, which encodes the capsid/RNA binding proteins and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively.Results
A phylogenetic tree based on RdRp amino acid sequences was constructed, and eight monophyletic groups were defined. Alignments of RdRp RNA sequences from each group were screened to identify RNA regions with conserved secondary structure. One region in the second half of ORF2 was identified and individually modeled using the RNAfold tool. Afterwards, each DNA or RNA sequence was denatured in silico using the softwares MELTSIM and RNAheat that generate melting curves considering the denaturation of a double stranded DNA and single stranded RNA, respectively. The same groups identified in the RdRp phylogenetic tree were retrieved by a clustering analysis of the melting curves data obtained from RNAheat. Moreover, the same approach was used to successfully discriminate different variants of Trichomonas vaginalis virus, which was not possible by the visual comparison of the double stranded melting curves generated by MELTSIM.Conclusion
In silico analysis indicate that ssRNA melting curves are more informative than dsDNA melting curves. Furthermore, conserved RNA structures may be determined from analysis of individuals that are phylogenetically related, and these regions may be used to support the reconstitution of their phylogenetic groups. These findings are a robust basis for the development of in vitro systems to ssRNA melting curves detection.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-243) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献37.
Lisa GM van Baarsen Carla A Wijbrandts François Rustenburg Tineke Cantaert Tineke CTM van der Pouw Kraan Dominique L Baeten Ben AC Dijkmans Paul P Tak Cornelis L Verweij 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(1):R11
Introduction
Cross-regulation between TNF and type I IFN has been postulated to play an important role in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, we determined the effect of TNF blockade in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the type I IFN response gene activity in relation to clinical response. 相似文献38.
van Halm VP Nurmohamed MT Twisk JW Dijkmans BA Voskuyl AE 《Arthritis research & therapy》2006,8(5):R151-6
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study
investigates possible associations between CVD and the use of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
in RA. Using a case control design, 613 RA patients (5,649 patient-years) were studied, 72 with CVD and 541 without CVD. Data
on RA, CVD and drug treatment were evaluated from time of RA diagnosis up to the first cardiovascular event or the end of
the follow-up period. The dataset was categorized according to DMARD use: sulfasalazine (SSZ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or
methotrexate (MTX). Odds ratios (ORs) for CVD, corrected for age, gender, smoking and RA duration, were calculated per DMARD
group. Patients who never used SSZ, HCQ or MTX were used as a reference group. MTX treatment was associated with a significant
CVD risk reduction, with ORs (95% CI): 'MTX only', 0.16 (0.04 to 0.66); 'MTX and SSZ ever', 0.20 (0.08 to 0.51); and 'MTX,
SSZ and HCQ ever', 0.20 (0.08 to 0.54). The risk reductions remained significant after additional correction for the presence
of rheumatoid factor and erosions. After correction for hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, 'MTX or SSZ ever'
and 'MTX, SSZ and HCQ ever' showed significant CVD risk reduction. Rheumatoid factor positivity and erosions both increased
CVD risk, with ORs of 2.04 (1.02 to 4.07) and 2.36 (0.92 to 6.08), respectively. MTX and, to a lesser extent, SSZ were associated
with significantly lower CVD risk compared to RA patients who never used SSZ, HCQ or MTX. We hypothesize that DMARD use, in
particular MTX use, results in powerful suppression of inflammation, thereby reducing the development of atherosclerosis and
subsequently clinically overt CVD. 相似文献
39.
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are oligoribonucleotides with an important role in regulation of gene expression at the level of translation. Despite imperfect target complementarity, they can also significantly reduce mRNA levels. The validity of miRNA target gene predictions is difficult to assess at the protein level. We sought, therefore, to determine whether a general lowering of predicted target gene mRNA expression by endogenous miRNAs was detectable within microarray gene expression profiles. 相似文献40.
Shahram?SadeghiEmail author Mohammadrezaalavian?Ghavanini Alireza?Ashraf Peyman?Jafari 《BMC neurology》2004,4(1):11