A comparison of the cellulose acetate electrophoretic serum lipoprotein-cholesterol profile of the adult male rat with other species

A comparison was made of the serum lipoprotein-cholesterol profile, obtained by cellulose acetate electrophoresis coupled with an enzymatic stain for total cholesterol, of the adult male rat, mouse, rabbit, dog, monkey and human. Four cholesterol-staining lipoprotein bands were detected in rat serum, while only three cholesterol-staining lipoprotein bands were present in the other species studied. The apparently unique lipoprotein-cholesterol band in the rat was found to electrophoretically migrate in the prealbumin region of rat serum, has been named prealbumin lipoprotein-cholesterol (PAL-C) and was shown to be a high density lipoprotein (HDL). Of the species studied those more susceptible to experimentally induced atherosclerosis had higher low density lipoprotein-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratios compared to those species least susceptible to experimentally induced atherosclerosis.     

Biological methane oxidation: regulation, biochemistry, and active site structure of particulate methane monooxygenase

Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is a three-subunit integral membrane enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of methane to methanol. Although pMMO is the predominant methane oxidation catalyst in nature, it has proved difficult to isolate, and most questions regarding its molecular structure, active site composition, chemical mechanism, and genetic regulation remain unanswered. Copper ions are believed to play a key role in both pMMO regulation and catalysis, and there is some evidence that the enzyme contains iron as well. A number of research groups have solubilized and purified or partially purified pMMO. These preparations have been characterized by biochemical and biophysical methods. In addition, aspects of methane monooxygenase gene regulation and copper accumulation in methanotrophs have been studied. This review summarizes for the first time the often controversial pMMO literature, focusing on recent progress and highlighting unresolved issues.     

不同温度、气体微环境对红托竹荪干品储藏品质的影响

本研究针对红托竹荪干品在储藏过程中易发生褐变、降低商品性问题,探究了不同储藏条件(温度、气体微环境)对红托竹荪干品储藏品质的影响。以红托竹荪干品为原材料,考察了在气体微环境(空气、N₂、CO₂和脱氧)和不同储藏温度(5、25和45 ℃)下红托竹荪干品储藏品质的动态变化。在60 d的储藏期内,所有样品的褐变指数、剪切力、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、总酚、还原糖和5-羟甲基糠醛含量均增加,游离氨基酸、白度值、复水比均降低。与25、45 ℃相比,以上指标在5 ℃条件下均表现最优,5 ℃储藏条件下呈味氨基酸和挥发性成分指标更接近于0 d;在不同气体微环境比较下,CO₂储藏环境下干品品质保持最好,通过综合评分得出5 ℃低温结合CO₂充气条件下干品品质最优,其次为N₂结合5 ℃低温。结合经济成本,5 ℃低温结合CO₂或N₂充气可以作为红托竹荪干品延长货架期的推荐储藏技术。     

天然和人工固沙灌木林蜘蛛和甲虫分布与环境因子的关系

干旱区人工植被恢复驱动的土地利用变化强烈影响了地表和土栖的节肢动物群落结构及多样性。然而,我们对地表节肢动物群落关键类群-蜘蛛和甲虫对固沙植被恢复的响应及与环境变化关系的认识还很有限。以天然固沙灌木林和2种人工固沙灌木林为研究对象,运用方差分析和多变量分析等方法定量研究了干旱区天然和人工固沙植被区地表蜘蛛和甲虫分布特征及影响要素。结果表明,天然灌木林与人工梭梭、柽柳林地表蜘蛛和甲虫群落组成明显不同,人工梭梭、柽柳林地表蜘蛛活动密度和甲虫多样性均显著高于天然灌木林,而地表甲虫密度和蜘蛛多样性变化与之相反。两种人工固沙灌木林之间蜘蛛和甲虫群落组成也存在一定差异,人工柽柳林地表蜘蛛活动密度、多样性和甲虫物种丰富度均显著高于人工梭梭林。进一步分析发现,蜘蛛群落中狼蛛科、平腹蛛科、皿蛛亚科和球蛛科与甲虫群落中拟步甲科、步甲科和象甲科等一些甲虫种属对3种生境的选择模式不同决定了蜘蛛和甲虫群落聚集结构。植被、土壤环境因子与蜘蛛和甲虫pRDA和pCCA结果表明,草本生物量、凋落物量、土壤含砂量、电导率和灌木盖度是影响蜘蛛分布的主要环境因子,它们解释了82.1%的蜘蛛群落变异;灌木盖度、草本生物量、土壤pH和砂含量是影响甲虫群落分布的主要环境因子,它们解释了60.6%的甲虫群落变异。总之,人工固沙灌木恢复影响了植被和土壤环境,它们相互作用改变了荒漠-绿洲过渡区蜘蛛和甲虫等地表节肢动物的分布格局。     

拉萨河中上游夏秋季纤毛虫群落时空变动及其与环境的关系

为揭示中国西藏高原河流浮游纤毛虫群落结构特征及与水环境的关系,于2015—2016年的8月和11月,利用25号浮游生物网,分别在拉萨河中上游共8个代表性采样点,共采集64个水样。物种鉴定采用活体观察和固定染色相结合的方法。共鉴定出纤毛虫91种,夏季49种,各样点物种数由小到大依次为:S2S4S8S5S1S3=S7S6。秋季64种,各样点物种数由小到大依次为:S4S3=S1=S2=S5S8S6=S7。夏季各样点丰度为1.2×10~4—5.6×10~5个/L,秋季各样点丰度在1.2×10~4—2.6×10~5个/L之间。夏、秋季的优势种均为12种且优势种组成与分布不同,表现该流域纤毛虫存在明显的时空差异;群落结构分析显示:纤毛虫群落结构简单,物种组成多样性低而分布均匀;纤毛虫营养功能结构分析表明,夏季B、S类群的物种丰富度低于秋季;相关分析表明,总磷和总氮是影响夏季纤毛虫物种多样性的主要环境因子,并且浊度、NH_4-N和NO_3-N是影响秋季纤毛虫的主要环境因子。     

雅鲁藏布江中游浮游植物群落优势种时空生态位

为探究雅鲁藏布江中游浮游植物群落分布格局及其优势种时空生态位特征,于2021年7月、10月对该水域进行浮游植物样品的采集和水体理化因子的测定,鉴定浮游植物物种,计算浮游植物优势种生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、生态响应速率及相对资源占有率,运用共现网络模型分析群落的种间关联性,并对浮游植物优势种与环境因子进行Pearson相关性分析。结果表明：该水域共鉴定到浮游植物644种,隶属于8门12纲25目49科152属,其中,优势种22种,优势种中硅藻占90.9%,在群落中占绝对优势;丰水期的肘状针杆藻丰度最大(74.193×10⁴细胞/L)且出现频率最高(0.867),是丰水期绝对优势种;整体上优势种生态位宽度时间(0.833)>空间(0.254),优势种时空生态位宽度主要受空间生态位宽度的影响,空间异质性是影响该水域浮游植物优势种分布的主要因素;优势种时空二维生态位无意义重叠的种对占40.69%,优势种时空二维的生态位重叠以中、低等级为主,优势种间对时空资源需求异质性高,种间潜在竞争关系较弱;该水域枯水期浮游植物群落的网络结构紧密,群落连通性、群落复杂度和物种间生态位...     

坡向与龄级对新疆野核桃自然保护区野核桃病害的影响

为了解渐危植物新疆野核桃的病害情况,在新疆野核桃自然保护区调查不同坡向、不同龄级野核桃4种病害的患病比例,分析病害种类、病害等级与野核桃胸径及坡向的相关关系。结果表明: 保护区野核桃的主要病害为核桃褐斑病(95.8%)、核桃枯枝病(90.5%)、核桃黑斑病(74.4%)和核桃腐朽病(7.7%)。4个坡向的野核桃均易患核桃褐斑病,阴坡和半阴坡的野核桃易患核桃枯枝病,阳坡和阴坡的野核桃易患核桃黑斑病,半阳坡和半阴坡的野核桃相对易患核桃腐朽病。4个坡向野核桃的4种病害均随病害等级(1～4级)的增加而病株比例减小。4个坡向核桃枯枝病、核桃黑斑病、核桃褐斑病均以中龄树比例最大,其次是老龄树,再次是小树,未见幼苗患病;核桃腐朽病仅发生在老龄树。核桃枯枝病、核桃腐朽病、核桃黑斑病、核桃褐斑病与野核桃的胸径呈显著正相关,核桃黑斑病与坡向呈显著负相关,核桃枯枝病、核桃腐朽病、核桃黑斑病的不同病害等级与胸径和坡向存在相关性。     

Comparative analysis identifies conserved tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 binding sites in the human and simian Epstein-Barr virus oncogene LMP1.

Nonhuman primates are naturally infected with a B-lymphotropic herpesvirus closely related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). These simian EBV share considerable genetic, biologic, and epidemiologic features with human EBV, including virus-induced tumorigenesis. However, latent, transformation-associated viral genes demonstrate marked sequence divergence among species despite the conserved functions. We have cloned the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) homologs from the simian EBV naturally infecting baboons (cercopithicine herpesvirus 12, herpesvirus papio) and rhesus monkeys (cercopithicine herpesvirus 15) for a comparative study with the human EBV oncogene. The transmembrane domains are well conserved, but there is striking sequence divergence of the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain essential for B-cell immortalization and interaction with the tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling pathway. Nevertheless, the simian EBV LMP1s retain most functions in common with EBV LMP1, including the ability to induce NF-(kappa)B activity in human cells, to bind the tumor necrosis factor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) in vitro, and to induce expression of tumor necrosis factor-responsive genes, such as ICAM1, in human B lymphocytes. Multiple TRAF3 binding sites containing a PXQXT/S core sequence can be identified in the simian EBV LMP1s by an in vitro binding assay. A PXQXT/S-containing sequence is also present in the cytoplasmic domain of the Hodgkin's disease marker, CD30, and binds TRAF3 in vitro. The last 13 amino acids containing a PXQXT/S sequence are highly conserved in human and simian EBV LMP1 but do not bind TRAF3, suggesting a distinct role for this conserved region of LMP1. The conserved TRAF3 binding sites in LMP1 and the CD30 Hodgkin's disease marker provides further evidence that a TRAF3-mediated signal transduction pathway may be important in malignant transformation.     

IL-2 secretion by soluble antigen-reactive human T-cell clones

Human tetanus toxoid specific T-cell lines and clones capable of producing IL-2 were established. IL-2 production occurred only when the antigen-specific T cells were cultured with both tetanus toxoid antigen and an autologous, irradiated adherent cell population. The T-cell lines and clones remained strictly dependent on exogenous IL-2 for proliferation at all other times. Phenotypic characterization with monoclonal antibodies recognizing T-cell subsets revealed that the antigen-specific lines and clones bore predominantly OKT3 and OKT4 markers with essentially no OKT8 positive cells present. T-cell clones which were demonstrated to secrete IL-2 activity could also partially deplete media of IL-2 if cultured in the absence of soluble antigen and irradiated adherent cells.     

Target sequences for the C. elegans transposable element Tc1.

The target sequences for two independent insertions of the transposable element Tc1 from Caenorhabditis elegans show homology. Because both insertions are at palindromic TA/AT sequences, the exact boundaries of Tc1 cannot be distinguished; Tc1 could be 1610 bp and flanked by a 2-bp duplication of the target site or it could be 1612 bp and without target site duplication. The latter possibility implies a novel manner for insertion of a transposable element.