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51.
Raymond L. Mernaugh Michael H. Shearer Robert K. Bright Robert E. Lanford Ronald C. Kennedy 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1992,35(2):113-118
Summary Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (SV40 T-Ag), a monoclonal antibody specific for SV40 T-Ag (Ab-1 preparation), and a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-Id), designated 58D, were used to analyze the humoral immune response of Balb/c mice either immunized with recombinant SV40 T-Ag or challenged with SV40-transformed cells. Inhibition assays indicated that antibodies from mice immunized with SV40 T-Ag and from those bearing SV40 tumor inhibited the SV40 T-Ag/Ab-1 reaction. These data suggested that the antibody response in immunized or tumorchallenged mice recognized similar epitope(s) on SV40 T-Ag to that detected by the monoclonal Ab-1. These anti-(SV40 T-Ag) response antibodies also inhibited the Ab-1/anti-Id reaction and recognized the anti-Id in direct binding assays. Together, these data indicate that murine anti-(SV40 T-Ag) responses shared an idiotope with a monoclonal anti-(SV40 T-Ag) Ab-1 preparation. This idiotope, which is recognized by the monoclonal anti-Id preparation, 58D, appears to be involved in the humoral immune response to SV40 T-Ag in both SV40-T-Ag-immunized and tumor-bearing mice. The monoclonal anti-Id preparation may represent a focal point for manipulating the humoral immune response to tumors induced by SV40-transformed cells. 相似文献
52.
Anthony Pires Ronald R. Hoy 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1992,171(1):69-78
Summary Temperature effects on calling song production and recognition were investigated in the North American field cricket, Gryllus firmus. Temporal parameters of field-recorded G. firmus calling song are strongly affected by temperature. Chirp rate and syllable rate increase, by factors of 4 and 2, respectively, as linear functions of temperature over the range in which these animals sing in the field (12°–30 °C). Temperature affects syllable duration to a lesser extent, and does not influence calling song carrier frequency. Female phonotactic preference, measured on a spherical treadmill in the laboratory, also changes with temperature such that warmer females prefer songs with faster chirp and syllable rates. Best phonotaxis, measured as accuracy of orientation to the sound source, and highest walking velocity, occur in response to temperature-matched songs at 15°, 21°, and 30 °C. Experiments under semi-natural conditions in an outdoor arena revealed that females perform phonotaxis at temperatures as low as 13 °C. Taken together, the song and phonotaxis data demonstrate that this communication system is temperature coupled. A strategy is outlined by which temperature coupling may be exploited to test hypotheses about the organization of neural networks subserving song recognition.Abbreviations
CP
chirp period
-
SP
syllable period
-
SD
syllable duration 相似文献
53.
Bruce R. Johnson Jack H. Peck Ronald M. Harris-Warrick 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1992,170(2):201-209
Summary The anterior burster neuron of the lobster (Panulirus interruptus) stomatogastric ganglion is a conditional burster that functions as the primary pacemaker for the pyloric motor network. When modulatory inputs to this cell are blocked, it loses its bursting properties and becomes quiescent. Applications of the monoamines, dopamine, octopamine or serotonin restore rhythmic bursting in this cell (Flamm and Harris-Warrick 1986). At 15 °C, serotonin- and octopamine-induced oscillations depend critically upon sodium entry (blocked by low sodium saline or tetrodotoxin); dopamine-induced oscillations depend upon calcium entry (blocked by reduced extracellular calcium; Harris-Warrick and Flamm 1987). We show here that the ionic dependence of amine-induced oscillations in the anterior burster cell differs at 15 and 21 °C. At 21 °C, all amines have the potential to induce rhythmic oscillations in saline containing tetrodotoxin. At the elevated temperature and in tetrodotoxin, both calcium and sodium currents are essential for the maintenance of dopamine-induced oscillaions; serotonin-induced oscillations do not depend upon either calcium or sodium alone; octopamine-induced oscillations do not depend upon calcium and show a variable dependence upon sodium. Thus, multiple ionic mechanisms, which vary with both the modulator and the ambient temperature, can be recruited to support rhythmic activity in a conditional burster neuron.Abbreviations
AB
anterior burster
-
PD
pyloric dilator
-
PY
pyloric constrictor
-
DA
dopamine
-
5HT
serotonin
-
Oct
octopamine
-
STG
stomatogastric ganglion
-
TTX
tetrodotoxin
-
GSP
graded synaptic potential 相似文献
54.
Nutrient transfer between the root zones of soybean and maize plants connected by a common mycorrhizal mycelium 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Gabor J. Bethlenfalvay Maria G. Reyes-Solis Susan B. Camel Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato 《Physiologia plantarum》1991,82(3):423-432
The objective of the study was to determine whether nutrient fluxes mediated by hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi between the root zones of grass and legume plants differ with the legume's mode of N nutrition. The plants, nodulating or nonnodulating isolines of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], were grown in association with a dwarf maize ( Zea mays L.) cultivar in containers which interposed a 6-cm-wide root-free soil bridge between legume and grass container compartments. The bridge was delimited by screens (44 μm) which permitted the passage of hyphae, but not of roots and minimized non VAM interactions between the plants. All plants were colonized by the VAM fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe. The effects of N input to N-sufficient soybean plants through N2 -fixation or N-fertilization on associated maize-plant growth and nutrition were compared to those of an N-deficient (nonnodulating, unfertilized) soybean control. Maize, when associated with the N-fertilized soybean, increased 19% in biomass, 67% in N content and 77% in leaf N concentration relative to the maize plants of the N-deficient association. When maize was grown with nodulated soybean, maize N content increased by 22%, biomass did not change, but P content declined by 16%. Spore production by the VAM fungus was greatest in the soils of both plants of the N-fertilized treatment. The patterns of N and P distribution, as well as those of the other essential elements, indicated that association with the N-fertilized soybean plants was more advantageous to maize than was association with the N2 -fixing ones. 相似文献
55.
Response of microbial populations to environmental disturbance 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Taxonomic and genetic diversities of microbial communities disturbed by chemical pollutants were lower than in undisturbed
reference communities. The dominant populations within the disturbed communities had enhanced physiological tolerances and
substrate utilization capabilities, indicating that generalized physiological versatility is an adaptive characteristic of
populations that successfully compete within disturbed communities. 相似文献
56.
Larry R. Hilburn Ronald B. Davey John E. George J. Mathews Pound 《Experimental & applied acarology》1991,11(1):23-36
WhenBoophilus microplus and Type-II hybrids (B. microplus females×B. annulatus males) were released simultaneously onto bovine hosts, mating between the two forms appeared not to be at random. There were more contypic and fewer intertypic matings than predicted under an assumption of panmixia. An examination of the patterns of matings revealed that more of the matings on the first two days of detachment were between the two sexes ofB. microplus. Engorged females dropping on the last four days of maximum female detachment were predominantly hybrids mated to bothB. microplus and hybrid males. The non-random mating pattern does not appear to be caused by assortative mating betweenB. microplus and Type-II hybrids, but because theB. microplus were competnet to mate two days before the hybrids and theB. microplus males compete for mates of both types better than the Type-II males. 相似文献
57.
Body size plays an important role in the outcome of aggressive encounters between males of the symbiotic freshwater miteUnionicola formosa. Since intruding males displace resident males as often as resident males successfully defend their territory (mantle cavity of a mussel), resident males do not hold a competitive advantage during male-male aggressive encounters. Larger male size probably enhances a male's success when competing for receptive females. 相似文献
58.
A sampler for collection of interstitial water from wetland sediments is described. It differs from other sampling devices because it does not have to be filled with solution to facilitate diffusion, it does not have to be removed from the wetland to collect samples, and it can be used to draw repeated samples over time from identical locations. The device facilitates in situ measurement of a wide range of abiotic parameters such as electrical conductivity, redox potential, and pH in wetland sediments. The device has application in ecological investigations of sediment-borne wildlife diseases, studies of benthic invertebrates, measurement of nutrient exchange, and other aspects of wetland ecology. 相似文献
59.
Juliusz Perkowski Jerzy Chełkowski Ronald D. Plattner Piotr Goliński 《Mycotoxin Research》1991,7(2):115-120
Maize cobs withFusarium ear rot were collected at 1986 season and five infected byFusarium graminearum were analyzed for presence of triohothecenes and zearalenone. Collected material was subsampled forFusarium damaged kernels and corresponding axial stems and healthy looking kernels. All investigated cobs contained deoxynivalenol (DON) (range 18.0–131.5 mg/kg) and zearalenone (ZEA) (range 0.38–2.17 mg/kg), in four cobs 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) (range 5.2–6.2 mg/kg) was present and two cobs besides three all metabolites contained 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcD0N) (range 0.5–0.8 mg/kg).The average of individual toxins amount in axial stems: in mg/kg was equal to: DON — 110.36, ZEA — 4.57, 15-AcD0N — 16.66, and 3-AcD0N — 1.32.Fusarium damaged kernels contained in average the following amount (mg/kg) of: DON 77.00, ZEA 0.98, 15-AcD0N 3.78 and 3-AcD0N 0.06. Healthy looking kernels contained DON 1.96 mg/kg and ZEA 0.07 mg/kg only. Cooccurrence of 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON in two samples was an interesting finding. The amount of DON in total cob was highly correlated (r = 0.94) with percentage ofFusarium damaged kernels in given ear. 相似文献
60.
Differential cytotoxicity and mycotoxin content among isolates of Fusarium moniliforme 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
William P. Norred Charles W. Bacon Ronald D. Plattner Ronald F. Vesonder 《Mycopathologia》1991,116(1):37-43
Curvularia lunata was found causing (disseminated phaeohyphomycosis among a group of Nezara viridula (Insecta:Heteroptera) parasitizing vegetable crop Vigna unguiculata. Dark lesions were seen on pronotum and abdominal sterna. Experimental lesions were produced by applying 0.1 ml of 6.2 × 108cfu/ml–1 on abdominal sterna. Histopathology revealed that almost all internal organs and tissues showed extensive damage. It is interesting to note that C. lunata exhibited predeliction for chitinous tissues and elicited cellular immune response by granulocytes (phagocytosis). This is the first report of phaeohyphomycosis of an insect, extending the disease to invertebrates.A promising research career of one of the authors (Mrs. Vinita Dubey) was cut short by untimely death. This paper is dedicated to her memory. 相似文献