Paternally inherited markers in bovine hybrid populations

The genetic integrity of crossfertile bovine- or cattle-like species may be endangered by species hybridization. Previously, amplified fragment length polymorphism, satellite fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite assays have been used to analyze the species composition of nuclear DNA in taurine cattle, zebu, banteng and bison populations, while mitochondrial DNA reveals the origin of the maternal lineages. Here, we describe species-specific markers of the paternally transmitted Y-chromosome for the direct detection of male-mediated introgression. Convenient PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and competitive PCR assays are shown to differentiate the Y-chromosomes of taurine cattle, American bison and European bison, and to detect the banteng origin of Indonesian Madura and Bali cattle bulls.     

盐碱胁迫下西伯利亚蓼体内无机离子的变化

研究了碳酸氢钠溶液处理后西伯利亚蓼营养器官内部无机离子含量的变化。实验结果表明碳酸氢钠溶液处理前西伯利亚蓼茎部认为是“K+库”;碳酸氢钠溶液处理过程中“K+库”转变成为“Na+库”,以维持叶部的正常生理功能,并且“Na+库”具有一定的限度;碳酸氢钠溶液处理后,西伯利亚蓼不同部位对外界盐碱胁迫的反应存在多样性。植株在“Na+库”达到限度之前进行旺盛的光合作用,在有限的时间内向地下组织输送更多的有机养分,用以繁殖后代。     

解脲脲原体诱导脐静脉血管内皮细胞凋亡的研究

目的通过探讨解脲脲原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,UU)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilicalvein endothelial cells;HUVEC)凋亡的情况,揭示妊娠期间UU垂直传播影响胚胎发育的可能机制。方法不同剂量血清4型UU标准菌株刺激体外培养的HUVEC,通过Annexin-V.FITC/PI双染流式细胞术和DNA Ladder实验观察细胞凋亡情况。结果对照组细胞凋亡率小于各实验组(P<0.01~0.05),其凋亡率和刺激剂量、时间之间呈现一定的剂量-时间-效应关系(P>0.05)。结论UU可诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡,提示妊娠期间UU感染可能通过诱导脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡破坏胎盘屏障而影响胚胎发育。     

Independent sources of condition dependency and multiple pathways determine a composite trait: lessons from carotenoid‐based plumage colouration

Many colour ornaments are composite traits consisting of at least four components, which themselves may be more complex, determined by independent evolutionary pathways, and potentially being under different environmental control. To date, little evidence exists that several different components of colour elaboration are condition dependent and no direct evidence exists that different ornamental components are affected by different sources of variation. For example, in carotenoid‐based plumage colouration, one of the best‐known condition‐dependent ornaments, colour elaboration stems from both condition‐dependent pigment concentration and structural components. Some environmental flexibility of these components has been suggested, but specifically which and how they are affected remains unknown. Here, we tested whether multiple colour components may be condition dependent, by using a comprehensive 3 × 2 experimental design, in which we carotenoid supplemented and immune challenged great tit nestlings (Parus major) and quantified effects on different components of colouration. Plumage colouration was affected by an interaction between carotenoid availability and immune challenge. Path analyses showed that carotenoid supplementation increased plumage saturation via feather carotenoid concentration and via mechanisms unrelated to carotenoid deposition, while immune challenge affected feather length, but not carotenoid concentration. Thus, independent condition‐dependent pathways, affected by different sources of variation, determine colour elaboration. This provides opportunities for the evolution of multiple signals within components of ornamental traits. This finding indicates that the selective forces shaping the evolution of different components of a composite trait and the trait's signal content may be more complex than believed so far, and that holistic approaches are required for drawing comprehensive evolutionary conclusions.     

传输靶向COX-2 siRNA联合化疗药物对大鼠胃癌细胞生长

目的：通过动物实验探讨传输靶向COX-2 siRNA联合化疗药物对大鼠胃癌细胞生长的抑制作用。方法：24 只健康SD 大鼠 平分为三组,治疗组用COX-2-siRNA转染的胃癌SGC7901 细胞接种,同时进行环磷酰胺、丝裂霉素C 化疗治疗;阴性对照组,用 阴性对照siRNA 转染的胃癌SGC7901 细胞接种,同时进行环磷酰胺、丝裂霉素C 化疗治疗;对照组(n=8),用未经转染的胃癌 SGC7901 细胞接种,不进行化疗治疗;三组转染后都接种了裸鼠。结果：治疗组、阴性对照组及对照组胃癌细胞凋亡率分别为 （22.28± 0.12）%、（1.23± 0.17）%和（1.03± 0.14）%,治疗组与阴性对照组和对照组比较差异都有统计学意义(t=18.152,17.555, P<0.05)。治疗组的抑瘤率为76.7%,阴性对照组和对照组分别为12.8%和6.89%,治疗组的抑瘤率明显高于其他两组(x2=15. 211,13.899,P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示治疗组的COX-2 蛋白表达含量得到了明显抑制。结论：传输靶向COX-2 siRNA和化疗药物的配合应用可有效抑制COX-2 蛋白的表达,从而抑制胃癌细胞的生长,从而起到更好的治疗效果。     

灰飞虱与褐飞虱种内和种间密度效应比较

在人工气候室内比较研究了灰飞虱和褐飞虱在汕优63和秀水11上的种内和种间密度效应对其主要生物学参数的影响,结果表明两种稻飞虱均存在显著的种内竞争,主要表现为随着密度增加,若虫发育历期延长、若虫羽化率下降、雌成虫寿命缩短、每雌产卵量下降。种内密度效应与稻飞虱种类和寄主品种有显著互作关系,灰飞虱种内竞争较褐飞虱明显,二者在适宜寄主上种内竞争更为明显。同时,两种稻飞虱存在着显著的种间密度效应,主要表现为异种存在时的促进作用,即异种共存时若虫历期缩短、若虫羽化率提高、雌虫寿命延长、每雌产卵量增加。种间密度效应也与稻飞虱种类和寄主品种有显著互作关系,两种共存对灰飞虱的有利作用显著大于对褐飞虱的有利作用,在欠适宜寄主上种间互利效应更为明显。最后,本文对稻飞虱种内和种间密度效应的机制和进化意义进行了讨论。     

代谢、血液碱化和纯氧影响呼吸调控的人体实验研究III： 血液碱化后纯氧运动试验*

目的: 在急性血液碱化前、后空气吸入下完成症状限制性最大极限心肺运动试验(CPET)的基础上,本文探讨在血液碱化后吸入纯氧对呼吸调控的影响。方法: 正常志愿者5名在碱化血液后呼吸纯氧CPET,在静息、热身、运动及恢复期,连续测定肺通换气指标及每分钟动脉取样的血气指标,对CPET期间的呼吸气体交换和血气指标的动态变化进行分析,同时与急性碱化血液前、后空气CPET数据比较。结果: 碱化血液后吸入纯氧运动呼吸反应与急性碱化血液前、后空气CPET呼吸反应基本一致。CPET期间,各运动状态下的每分通气量均与对照组相似(P>0.05);仅静息每分通气量较血液碱化空气CPET略高(P<0.05),而其它状态和恢复2min时均相近(P>0.05)。潮气量仅峰值运动时较对照和血液碱化空气CPET略低(P<0.05);而运动过程和恢复2min时的潮气量均相近(P>0.05)。呼吸频率在各个时间与血液碱化前后CPET均无差异(P>0.05)。在碱化血液后吸入纯氧运动各个时期的PaO₂和SaO₂较碱化血液前后空气CPET时明显提高(P<0.001,P<0.05)。血红蛋白浓度虽然较急性血液碱化前后均低,但仅较血液碱化前显著降低(P<0.05),比血液碱化后差异不显著(P>0.05) ; 开始时的PaCO₂较碱化血液前后空气CPET时降低(P<0.05),无氧阈时相近(P>0.05),但到峰值及恢复2 min时明显增高(P<0.05);pH仅较对照增高(P<0.05),但与碱化血液空气试验时无差异;乳酸水平较对照略高,但仅在热身和恢复期有差异(P<0.05)。纯氧提高了两人无氧阈和三人峰值运动的功率和时间。结论: 虽然血液碱化给予纯氧, CPET呼吸反应与碱化血液前、后空气CPET呼吸反应模式相似,表明运动中呼吸反应主要取决于代谢变化,而非动脉血气平均值高低。     

Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin system proteins—immunolocalization in the rat central nervous system

Background

The oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin (Trx) family of proteins play a major role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Redox imbalance is a major feature of brain damage. For instance, neuronal damage and glial reaction induced by a hypoxic–ischemic episode is highly related to glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Most animal models of hypoxia–ischemia in the central nervous system (CNS) use rats to study the mechanisms involved in neuronal cell death, however, no comprehensive study on the localization of the redox proteins in the rat CNS was available.

Methods

The aim of this work was to study the distribution of the following proteins of the thioredoxin and glutathione/glutaredoxin (Grx) systems in the rat CNS by immunohistochemistry: Trx1, Trx2, TrxR1, TrxR2, Txnip, Grx1, Grx2, Grx3, Grx5, and γ-GCS, peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), Prx2, Prx3, Prx4, Prx5, and Prx6. We have focused on areas most sensitive to a hypoxia–ischemic insult: Cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus, spinal cord, substantia nigra, cortex and retina.

Results and conclusions

Previous studies implied that these redox proteins may be distributed in most cell types and regions of the CNS. Here, we have observed several remarkable differences in both abundance and regional distribution that point to a complex interplay and crosstalk between the proteins of this family.

General significance

We think that these data might be helpful to reveal new insights into the role of thiol redox pathways in the pathogenesis of hypoxia–ischemia insults and other disorders of the CNS.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Human and Murine Redox Protein Atlases.     

NF-κB、IκB、IKK在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的检测非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中NF-κB P65、p-IκBα(IκBα磷酸化)、p-IKKβ(IKKβ磷酸化)的表达情况及其与NSCLC临床特征的关系。方法采用免疫组化Elivision法检测NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-KKβ在56例NSCLC中表达情况,以20例癌旁组织作为对照。结果在NSCLC中NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-IKKβ的表达阳性率分别为83.9%(47/56)、55.7%(31/56)、69.6%(39/56),癌旁组织三者分别为20%(4/20)、25%(5/20)、30%(6/20),NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-IKKβ的表达与吸烟史、TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-IKKβ高表达与NSCLC的发生、发展起着重要作用。