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991.
Pool sequencing of natural HLA-DR,DQ, and DP ligands reveals detailed peptide motifs,constraints of processing,and general rules 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
Kirsten Falk Olaf Rötzschke Stefan Stevanovíc Günther Jung Hans-Georg Rammensee 《Immunogenetics》1994,39(4):230-242
We have approached the problem of MHC class II ligand motifs by pool sequencing natural peptides eluted from HLA-DR, DQ, and DP molecules. The results indicate surprisingly clear patterns, although not quite as clear as with natural class I ligands. The most striking feature is a highly dominant Proline at position 2. We interpret this to be a consequence of aminopeptidase N-like activity in processing. Another general aspect is the existence of three to four hydrophobic or aromatic anchors, whereby the first and the last are separated by five to eight residues. The peptide motifs for HLA-DR1, DR5, DQ7, and DPw4 are allele-specific and differ by spacing and occupancy of anchors. The anchors tend to be flanked by clusters of charged residues, and small residues, especially Ala, are frequent in the motif centers. These detailed motifs allow one to interpret most previous (DR-) motifs as fitting one or more of the anchors or conserved clusters. The relative motif symmetry suggests the possibility of bidirectional binding of peptides in the class II groove. 相似文献
992.
F. Alvarez H. Gijón-Botella P. Quinteiro J. Rey F. López-Román M. L. Sanmartiín 《Systematic parasitology》1994,29(2):105-112
Adult and fourth-stage larvae of Paracuaria hispanica n. sp., from the stomach of the Pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus Geoffroy (Insectivora: Talpidae) in northern and central Spain, are described. The new species differs from the other members of the genus Paracuaria (P. adunca and P. soricis), among other morphological details, in its smaller body and spicule sizes, the presence of a cuticular ring around the tip of the female tail, and the existence of lateral alae running longitudinally along its body from the cervical region to the tail. In view of the latter feature, the genus Paracuaria is redefined. The fourth stage larva of the new species is distinguished from that of P. adunca by its monocuspid deirids. P. hispanica occurred in 45% of the 20 host specimens examined. 相似文献
993.
Molecular characterization of a fourth isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A from Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antonio Casamayor Encarna Pérez-Callejón Gemma Pujol Joaquín Ariño Albert Ferrer 《Plant molecular biology》1994,26(1):523-528
We have recently reported the existence of multiple isoforms of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in Arabidopsis thaliana and the molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding three of these proteins (PP2A-1, PP2A-2, PP2A-3). The reported cDNA encoding PP2A-3 was truncated at the 5 terminus, lacking a short fragment of the N-terminal coding sequence. We have now isolated a near full-length cDNA encoding the entire PP2A-3 protein (313 residues). The clone includes 188 nucleotides of 5-untranslated region, where a 44 bp long poly(GA) track is found. We also describe the cloning of a cDNA encoding a fourth isoform of PP2A (PP2A-4). The polypeptide contains 313 residues being 98% identical to PP2A-3 and only 80% identical to both PP2A-1 and PP2A-2. The mRNA for PP2A-4 is 1.4 kb in length and, although predominantly expressed in roots, it is also found in other organs. It is concluded that in A. thaliana the isoforms of PP2A can be grouped in two extremely conserved subfamilies. 相似文献
994.
Raquel Fernández-Durango José A. de Juan Horatio Zimman Francisco J. Moya Mario Garcia de la Coba Arturo Fernández-Cruz 《Journal of neurochemistry》1994,62(4):1482-1488
Abstract: Specific endothelin (ET) binding sites were characterized in membranes prepared from human cerebral cortices using binding assay and cross-linking analysis. The presence of immunoreactive (IR) ET-1 was studied by radioimmunoassay. Saturation binding experiments revealed that the K D and B max for 125 I-ET-1 and 125 l-ET-3 to membranes from gray matter were 25 ± 6 pM and 115 ± 15 fmol/mg of protein and 24 ± 5 p M and 108 ± 13 fmol/mg of protein, respectively. Similar results were obtained for white matter. In the presence of 10 n M sarafotoxin-6c, which is selective for ETB receptors, 125 I-ET-1 and 125 l-ET-3 binding was totally abolished. However, in the presence of 1 μ M BQ123, which is selective for ETA receptors, both bindings were not affected. These results suggest that the human cerebral cortex contains only ETB receptors. Cross-linking of 125 I-ET-1 and 125 l-ET-3 to membranes with disuccinimidyl suberate resulted in the labeling of two bands of 48 and 31 kDa. Concentrations of IR-ET-1 in the gray and white matter were 7.0 ± 3.2 and 2.5 ± 1.7 fmol/g wet weight, respectively. The demonstration of high-affinity ETB receptors and the presence of IRET-1 suggest that the peptide may act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the human cerebral cortex. 相似文献
995.
In vivo replication of the hamster polyomavirus genome and generation of specific deletions in the process of lymphomagenesis. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Hamster polyomavirus (HaPV) causes lymphomas when injected into newborn hamsters. These tumors are virus-free but accumulate large amounts of deleted extrachromosomal viral genomes. In order to identify the major sites of virus replication in animals, we have monitored the HaPV DNA present in different organs at various times after injection. The data demonstrate that viral replication preferentially occurs in lymphoid organs. Lymphoma-associated viral genomes display specific deletions. PCR analysis shows that such viral genomes are the only variants detectable in infected animals, suggesting that they are generated by a specific cellular mechanism. We have tested the possible role of the lymphoid cell-specific V(D)J recombination activity in the generation of these specific variants. Our results indicate that this mechanism is not solely responsible for the viral genome rearrangement, if involved at all. 相似文献
996.
José M. Lora Jésus de la Cruz Tahía Benítez Antonio Llobell José A. Pintor-Toro 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1994,242(4):461-466
A cDNA clone encoding a putative cell wall protein (Qid3) was isolated from a library prepared from chitin-induced mRNA in cultures of the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum. The predicted 14 kDa protein shows a potential signal peptide, several hydrophobic domains and certain motifs that are structurally similar to proline-rich and glycine-rich plant cell wall proteins. Expression of the qid3 gene is derepressed in the absence of glucose. When introduced in yeast, qid3 expression causes cell division arrest into cytokinesis and cell separation, probably due to its cell wall localization. 相似文献
997.
998.
Since the late eighties a handy and user-friendly sap flow meter (Dynagage®) is on the market which can quantify 0205 the sap flow through intact plant stems, based on the stem heat balance method. The documentation about its accuracy and reliability, however, is still too limited to use it as a standard method in field experiments with apple trees. We therefore tested this commercial system on potted apple trees (Malus domestica L.; cv. Red Elstar and Jonagold; on rootstock M9 vf) with stem diameters of 1.8 to 4 cm. The measured sap flow was compared with mass loss measured by an automated balance, supposing the total mass loss of the trees was equal to the water loss by transpiration. The results revealed three major problems:
In order to avoid these problems we constructed a sap flow meter which guarantees an optimum contact with the stem and works with continuously controlled power supply. Both aspects, response time and effect on the bark tissue, could be improved: in all measurement series the average sap flow (during light period) deviated <4% and=" often=">4%><1% from=" mass=" loss.=" the=" differences=" were=" usually=">1%><15% for=" the=" short-term=" averages=" through=" 15–30=" min.=" the=" modified=" sap=" flow=" meter=" also=" proved=" reliable=" during=" 10-day=" measurements=" in=" the=" field.=" however,=" for=" time-accurate=" measurements=" on=" apple=" trees=" with=" a=" stem=" diameter=">3–4 cm accounting for the energy stored in the heated stem section became indispensable.15%> 相似文献
1. | When there was no optimum contact of the elements of the gauge with the stem, which is typically very irregular on young apple trees, the calculated sap flow rates (accumulated through 24 h) showed errors >20%. |
2. | On 4 year-old trees the calculated sap flow rate showed considerable time lags in periods with abruptly changing transpiration rates, mainly because this sap flow method does not account for energy which is stored in the heated stem section. |
3. | The constant power input to the stem given with this sap flow meter caused heat damages to the bark tissue after >6 days of continuous measurements. |
999.
Van de Geijn S. C. Vos J. Groenwold J. Goudriaan J. Leffelaar P. A. 《Plant and Soil》1994,161(2):275-287
A research facility is described for the integrated study of soil-root-shoot-atmosphere relationships in crops. The Wageningen Rhizolab has been in use since 1990, and consists of two rows, each with eight below-ground compartments aligned along a corridor. A rain shelter automatically covers the experimental area at the start of rainfall. Compartments are 125 cm × 125 cm and 200 cm deep. Each compartment has a separate drip irrigation system. Crop canopy photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration can be measured simultaneously and continuously on four out of eight compartments at a time. Each compartment can be filled with a selected soil material (repacked soil) and is accessible from the corridor over its full depth. Multiple sensors for measuring soil moisture status, electrical conductivity, temperature, soil respiration, trace gases and oxygen are installed in spatial patterns in accordance with the requirements of the experiments. Sensors are connected to control and data-acquisition devices. Likewise, provisions have been made to sample manually the soil solution and soil atmosphere. Root observation tubes (minirhizotrons) are installed horizontally at depth intervals ranging from 5 cm (upper soil layers) to 25 cm (below 1 m). The facility is at present in use to study growth and development of vegetation (crops) in relation to drought, nutrient status, soil-borne diseases, and underground root competition. One important application is the study of elevated CO2 concentration and climate change and the way they affect crops and their carbon economy. Growth and development of field grown vegetables and winter cover crops are also evaluated. The common aspect of those studies is to gain a better understanding of crop growth under varying environmental conditions, and to collect datasets that may help to improve mechanistic crop growth simulation models that can address suboptimal growth conditions. 相似文献
1000.
TheRhizobium tropici strain CFN 299 was maintained on PY medium and was grown in minimal medium (MM) with sucrose, glucose, fructose and glutamate (or their combination) as carbon sources. Bacteria were able to simultaneously use different carbon sources and, with a combination sucrose and glutamate, the growth rate was faster than with either carbon source alone. Sucrose transport was induced by sucrose and partially repressed by glucose and glutamate if they were included in MM as additional carbon sources. The transport of sucrose was active because both an uncoupler (dinitrophenol, DNP) and inhibitors of terminal oxidation (KCN, NaN3) severely reduced sucrose uptake. Sucrose transport was also sensitive to a functional sulfhydryl reagent but was much less sensitive to EDTA and arsenate. We obtained nonlinear Lineweaver-Burk plots for the uptake of sucrose (by sucrose-grown bacteria), and this implied the existence of at least two uptake mechanisms. Invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) is the main enzyme for sucrose hydrolysis in this organism. This enzyme was induced by sucrose and had high activity in mid-log phase cells when sucrose was the sole carbon source (0.2%). Invertase activity was not detected in growth medium. In general, the results obtained support the idea, thatR. tropici is adapted to sucrose utilization and to multicarbon nutrition during its interaction with plants. 相似文献