胆道镜结合微爆破碎石治疗复杂性胆道结石

目的:探讨微爆破碎石用于治疗复杂胆道结石的治疗体会。方法:在胆道镜直视下,分别在术中和术后对158例复杂的胆道结石患者进行微爆破碎石,然后用取石网取出碎石,泥沙状结石随液体流出或让其自行流入肠道。结果:158例患者156例取石成功。取石成功率98.73%。明显提高了胆道取石的成功率。无1例出现胆道穿孔、瘘道穿孔及胆道出血等严重并发症。结论:在胆道镜下,采用微爆破碎石术治疗复杂的胆道结石是一种安全、可靠、高效的方法,可以明显提高结石的取净率。     

九头狮子草化学成分的研究

从九头狮子草种分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为:正十八烷(1)、cholest-5-en-3β-oxyl hexadecanoate(2)、硬脂酸(3)、软脂酸(4)、三十三烷醇(5)、β-谷甾醇(6)β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇的混合物(7)、β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇的葡萄糖苷(8)、尿囊素(9).其中化合物1～5系首次从本植物中分得.     

Endotoxin decreases 51CrCl3 uptake in early weaned pigs

Endotoxin, a product of bacterial infections, was used to investigate the effects acute infections on chromium (Cr) uptake in early weaned (14 d of age) pigs. At d 18, pigs were anesthetized, and a 2-mm silastic jugular catheter was inserted and passed subcutaneously to a dorsal position behind the ear. At d 21, pigs were deprived of food for 7 h and injected intraperitoneally with saline or 25 microg endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli serotype 0111:B4) per kg body wt suspended in 9 g/L saline. One hour after dosing, an oral dose of 0.7 mCi of 51CrCl3 was given by micropipet. Blood was sampled from the catheter at intervals until necropsy at 8 h after the 51CrCl3 dose. Blood and tissue samples were counted in a gamma counter. 51Cr in blood was significantly lower at 3, 4, 5, 6, and at 8 h after dosing in endotoxin-injected pigs compared to controls. Eight hours after 51CrCl3 dosing, 51Cr retention was significantly lower in the liver, heart, and kidney in endotoxin-treated pigs and tended to be lower in spleen (p<0.06) and in urine (p<0.16) with endotoxin treatment. These data suggest that during acute infection, there might be decreased Cr uptake and retention.     

黏细菌抗凝溶栓双功能蛋白MF-1的纯化及其酶学性质

对黏细菌Angiococcus sp.的抗凝溶栓双活性蛋白MF-1进行纯化、鉴定并对其酶学性质进行初步研究。采用丙酮分级沉淀法、DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析和Sephadex G-50分子筛层析对发酵液进行纯化,用SDS-PAGE和等电点聚焦电泳对其进行鉴定,并用纤维蛋白平板法和水解酪蛋白法对其酶学性质进行检测。结果表明：经过一系列的纯化步骤分离得到该蛋白相对分子质量为3.2×10^4,等电点为8.5,酶的比活力为30761.57U/mg,活性回收率为13.9%;溶栓活性的最适反应温度为35℃,最适反应pH为8.0;抗凝时间大于10min,且酶活性十分稳定,在35℃下保温72h后仍有89%活性。首次从黏细菌中分离得到具有较高抗凝和溶栓双活性的MF-1蛋白,且稳定不易失活,具有开发成为创新溶栓药物的潜力。     

耐药结核分枝杆菌的适应性代价与补偿性进化

结核病耐药率的攀升是目前全球结核病防控面临的重大挑战。结核分枝杆菌主要通过其基因组中耐药相关基因发生点突变而获得耐药性。由于耐药相关基因通常具有重要的生理功能,其突变往往会导致结核分枝杆菌自身适应性下降,即产生“适应性代价”。然而,耐药结核分枝杆菌可通过进一步积累其他特定突变来回复其适应性,这种能使其适应性上升的突变称为“补偿性突变”。耐药结核分枝杆菌的补偿性进化被认为是耐药结核病广泛传播与流行的生物学基础。近年来,在结核病分子流行病学和基础研究领域,针对耐药结核分枝杆菌的补偿性进化开展了大量研究。本文从结核分枝杆菌的耐药分子机制、耐药突变的适应性代价与补偿性进化,以及补偿性进化如何影响耐药结核病传播等方面,综述耐药结核分枝杆菌补偿性进化的研究进展。     

抗细小病毒B19-VP2单克隆抗体的建立

制备抗细小病毒B19－VP2单克隆抗体,用于检测人血清中的B19抗原,辅助诊断相关疾病;也可用于制备人类细小病毒基因工程疫苗。用纯化的基因工程表达的B19－VP2蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠的脾细胞和小鼠骨髓瘤Sp2/0细胞融合,有限稀释法克隆细胞。ELISA及IF证明抗体特异性。克隆筛选出4株细胞,并初步建立了检测B19－VP2抗原的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验,为双抗体夹心法检测B19抗原为临床相关疾病诊断提供了检测手段。     

大通湖环棱螺的次级生产力

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Ultrastructural localization of amiloride-sensitive sodium channels and Na+,K(+)-ATPase in the rat's olfactory epithelial surface

Several studies have indicated that olfactory responses are impeded by amiloride. Therefore, it was of interest to see whether, and if so which, olfactory epithelial cellular compartments have amiloride- sensitive structures. Using ultrastructural methods that involved rapid freezing, freeze-substitution and low temperature embedding of olfactory epithelia, this study shows that, in the rat, this tissue is immunoreactive to antibodies against amiloride sensitive Na(+)- channels. However, microvilli of olfactory supporting cells, as opposed to receptor cilia, contained most of the immunoreactive sites. Apices from which the microvilli sprout and receptor cell dendritic knobs had much less if any of the amiloride-antibody binding sites. Using a direct ligand-binding cytochemical method, this study also confirms earlier ones that showed that olfactory receptor cell cilia have Na+, K(+)-ATPase. It is proposed that supporting cell microvilli and the receptor cilia themselves have mechanisms, different but likely complementary, that participate in regulating the salt concentration around the receptor cell cilia. In this way, both structures help to provide the ambient mucous environment for receptor cells to function properly. This regulation of the salt concentration of an ambient fluid environment is a function that the olfactory epithelium shares with cells of transporting epithelia, such as those of kidney.