Reservoir to river passage of age‐0+ year fishes,indication of a dispersion pathway for a non‐native species

This study demonstrates passage of age‐0+ year individuals of pikeperch Sander lucioperca, common bream Abramis brama and non‐native tubenose goby Proterorhinus semilunaris from the Nové Mlýny Reservoir into the River Dyje (Danube River basin, Czech Republic) through the turbine of a hydropower facility. Most fishes had standard length (L_S) in the range 12–33 mm. Seasonal patterns corresponded with spawning activity, i.e. an early single spawning event for S. lucioperca, multiple spawning events for A. brama and continuous spawning with a later start and prolonged duration for P. semilunaris. Sander lucioperca, P. semilunaris and larger A. brama (>22 mm) drifted almost exclusively during the dark; smaller A. brama displayed no preference for light or dark. Proterorhinus semilunaris displayed significantly lower mortality than other species when passing through the turbine (3% compared to 18%). The passage of high numbers of P. semilunaris from the reservoir (estimated at 473 000 individuals per year), and their subsequent mass downstream drift, may have contributed to rapid population establishment along the River Dyje and the quick downstream expansion.     

Essential roles of lipoyl domains in the activated function and control of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases and phosphatase isoform 1.

Four pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and two pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase isoforms function in adjusting the activation state of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) through determining the fraction of active (nonphosphorylated) pyruvate dehydrogenase component. Necessary adaptations of PDC activity with varying metabolic requirements in different tissues and cell types are met by the selective expression and pronounced variation in the inherent functional properties and effector sensitivities of these regulatory enzymes. This review emphasizes how the foremost changes in the kinase and phosphatase activities issue from the dynamic, effector-modified interactions of these regulatory enzymes with the flexibly held outer domains of the core-forming dihydrolipoyl acetyl transferase component.     

Sequences of junction fragments in the deletion-prone region of the dystrophin gene

The Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus is remarkable in that it shows a high mutation rate and the majority of mutations found are deletions. These deletions are generated as meiotic as well as mitotic events and occur preferentially in the central region of the gene. Nothing is known so far about the mechanisms involved. This paper reports the first sequencing of deletion junctions in the dystrophin gene. The data from a study of two patients with deletions in the central region of dystrophin show the breakpoints to lie in regions of introns in which stretches of dA-dT are seen. The relationship between these observations and possible mechanisms for the mutations is discussed.