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101.
Two panels of hybridomas were produced that secreted monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against recombinant DNA-derived human interleukin 3 and interleukin 4 (rhIL-3 and rhIL-4). From each panel, sensitive immunoradiometric assays (IRMAs) were developed which were capable of detecting the recombinant molecule used as the immunogen but were unable to recognize natural or other recombinant forms of the same cytokine. Subsequent studies using the MAbs from each panel showed that a number of the MAbs appeared only to recognize that particular recombinant molecule used as immunogen, with little or no binding to other recombinant forms of the molecule. By using MAbs that were found to be unrestricted in their recognition for different recombinant forms of the cytokines, it was possible to develop an IRMA for IL-4 that was capable of detecting natural IL-4 as well as all the recombinant forms equally. An IRMA was also developed for IL-3 but was not of equivalent sensitivity in detecting the different recombinant forms of IL-3 used in the study. The recombinant DNA-derived cytokine molecules used to raise the two panels of MAbs contained amino acid substitutions relative to the natural sequences, and these findings indicate that caution should be exercised when using immunoassays to estimate natural sequence molecules if antibodies raised to modified rDNA-derived molecules are used. 相似文献
102.
The main objective of this study is to design a three-dimensional geometrical and mechanical finite element model of the lumbar spine. The model's geometry is constructed using six parameters per vertebra. These parameters are digitized from two X-rays (anterio-posterior and lateral), thus yielding an individualized model which can be arrived at from the radiographs of a tested specimen. This procedure makes the model validation easier, as geometry is generally a factor of dispersion in experimental results. The geometrical reconstruction, in the form of a finite elements mesh, was effected for the whole lumbar spine. The global coherence of the model was verified. 相似文献
103.
St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) cv FX-313 was used as a model laboratory host for monitoring population growth of the sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, and for quantifying the effects of sting nematode parasitism on host performance in two samples of autoclaved native Margate fine sand with contrasting amounts of organic matter (OM = 7.9% and 3.8%). Following inoculation with 50 Belonolaimus longicaudatus per pot, nematodes peaked at a mean of 2,139 nematodes per pot 84 days after inoculation, remained stable through 168 days at 2,064 nematodes per pot, and declined at 210 days. The relative numbers of juveniles and adults demonstrated senescence after 84 days. Root dry weight of nematode-inoculated plants increased briefly to an apparent equilibrium 84 days after inoculation, whereas root weights of uninoculated controls continued to increase, exceeding those of inoculated plants from 84 to 210 days (P < 0.01). At 210 days, uninoculated plants had 227% the root dry weight of inoculated plants. Transpiration of FX-313 was reduced by nematodes (P < 0.0001) at 84 and 126 days after inoculation; reduction was first observed at 42 days and last observed 168 days after inoculation (P < 0.05). OM content affected all plant performance variables at multiple dates, and generally there were no inoculation x OM content interactions. OM content had no effect on nematode numbers per pot, although there was a slight (P < 0.05) increase in the number of nematodes per gram root dry weight in the low-OM soil compared with the high-OM soil. 相似文献
104.
T. D. Fitzgerald Karen L. Clark Robin Vanderpool Christopher Phillips 《Journal of Insect Behavior》1991,4(1):21-32
Leaf shelter-building caterpillars generate most of the force required to pull leaf surfaces together by stretching silk strands while spinning. Axially retractive forces produced by columns of stretched strands enabled caterpillars in our study to generate forces as great as 0.3 Newtons (i.e., a 30-g force). We found that caterpillar silk also contracts instantly when wetted, producing an additional, though smaller, axially retractive force. Contraction ratios (final length/ original length) of the wetted silk of 19 species ranged from 0.21 to 0.93 and were smallest among species that use their silk to make leaf shelters. Our study, the first to identify the specific sources of the energy harnessed by caterpillars to tie, roll, or fold leaves, indicates that silk properties and caterpillar behavior have coevolved to facilitate the leaf shelter-building process. 相似文献
105.
Robin Moffat 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1991,303(6804):713-714
106.
Graham V. Brown Ross L. Coppel Helena Vrbova Raelene J. Grumont Robin F. Anders 《Experimental parasitology》1982,53(2):279-284
Proteins of erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum were biosynthetically labeled at different times during the first cycle of in vitro synchronous cultivation after collection from patients in the Madang region of Papua New Guinea. Proteins were immunoprecipitated with a pool of hyperimmune serum collected in the region then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Antigens were recognized in all life cycle stages but the majority of antigens, particularly those of high molecular weight, were present in the mature forms of the parasite. 相似文献
107.
A population of Laminaria longicruris de la Pylaie was followed for a year at Bic Island, Quebec, Canada where nutrient levels in the seawater were elevated throughout the year. Tagged kelp were measured each month for growth and analyzed for alginic acid, laminaran, mannitol, carbon, nitrogen, and nitrate. Maximum growth (3.5 cm · d?1) was observed in June, and minimal growth (0.18 cm · d?1) from December to February, when ice cover limited light levels. No reserves of carbon or nitrate were formed. Laminaran levels remained below 2.7% dry weight while tissue nitrate did not exceed 0.75 μmol · g?1 dry weight. Total carbon produced per plant was 40 g C · yr?1. Nutrient availability enables the kelp to take advantage of summer light and temperature conditions to grow rapidly. 相似文献
108.
Robin Craig 《Journal of theoretical biology》1981,88(4):757-760
It is shown on a theoretical basis that the existence of a “power law” relationship between body mass M and total metabolic heat generation rate Q of the form Q = kMα does not uniquely determine the dependence of metabolic rate on body temperature. However, it is shown that a particular assumption for this temperature dependence, successful in other problems, does predict a “power law” similar to the empirical one. At the same time it also accounts satisfactorily for the linear dependence of metabolic rate on ambient temperature. 相似文献
109.
Robin D. Graham 《Plant and Soil》1980,56(1):181-185
Summary Wheat plants were grown in deep pots at three levels of copper nutrition in an open-sided glasshouse where they were subject to natural infection by powdery mildew. Plant growth and the degree of infection of each leaf were assessed weekly throughout the life of the plants.During the middle phase of growth especially — from tillering to anthesis — severity of infection of leaves was decreased by increasing the level of copper supply. Stems of copper-deficient plants were also severely infected. In these plants serious disease was sustained until final harvest. The results are discussed in relation to known and speculative roles of copper in plants. 相似文献
110.