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Robert P. Wagensommer Giancarlo Bistocchi Andrea Arcangeli Andrea Rubini Claudia Perini Roberto Venanzoni 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(6):1329-1337
AbstractA Red List of all 108 Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota) species recorded in Umbria Region (central Italy) is provided. According to the IUCN categories and criteria, 60.18% of the assessed species are classified as threatened, whereas 12.96% are Near Threatened (NT), 1.86% are Least Concerned (LC) and a noteworthy amount of 25% are Data Deficient (DD). As a consequence of the downlisting applied to the majority of the assessed taxa, according to the guidelines for application of IUCN red list criteria at Regional level, only 1.54% of the threatened species is Critically Endangered (CR), while 46.15% are Endangered (EN) and 52.31% are Vulnerable (VU). Given that the present work represents the first complete regional red list of Pezizomycotina in Italy, and that a national, as well as a European red list do not exist to date, it could be considered as a case study for other Italian Regions as well as for other European countries, aiming at the compilation of a national and European red list of this fungal group mostly overlooked in conservation strategies. 相似文献
123.
Susanne Siebentritt Enrico Avancini Marcus Br Jakob Bombsch Emilie Bourgeois Stephan Buecheler Romain Carron Celia Castro Sebastien Duguay Roberto Flix Evelyn Handick Dimitrios Hariskos Ville Havu Philip Jackson Hannu‐Pekka Komsa Thomas Kunze Maria Malitckaya Roberto Menozzi Milos Nesladek Nicoleta Nicoara Martti Puska Mohit Raghuwanshi Philippe Pareige Sascha Sadewasser Giovanna Sozzi Ayodhya Nath Tiwari Shigenori Ueda Arantxa Vilalta‐Clemente Thomas Paul Weiss Florian Werner Regan G. Wilks Wolfram Witte Max Hilaire Wolter 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(8)
124.
Andrs García María Cecilia Scarf Alejandro Loydi Roberto Alejandro Distel 《Austral ecology》2020,45(1):70-78
In this study, we made an attempt to reveal how competition intensity from established plants impacts on palatable and unpalatable grass seedlings recruitment, in a natural mesic grassland of central Argentina. Our objective was to assess the seedling recruitment of a palatable species (Chascolytrum subaristatum) and an unpalatable species (Nassella trichotoma) in microsites differing in competition intensity from established plants. Identity (C. subaristatum and N. trichotoma) and defoliation severity were used as surrogate for competition intensity. In March 2017, we permanently marked established individuals of N. trichotoma and C. subaristatum and placed two circular plots adjacent to each individual. In one plot we added seeds of N. trichotoma and in the other seeds of C. subaristatum. After seeding, established plants were randomly assigned to one of three level of defoliation: without defoliation, low defoliation severity and high defoliation severity. From April to November 2017 (i.e. over a complete annual growing cycle), we measured seedling density, recruitment and growth. Our results supported the hypothesis that seedlings of palatable grasses are more competitive than seedlings of unpalatable grasses. Seedling of the palatable grass C. subaristatum recruited successfully regardless the intensity of competition from established plants, whereas seedlings of the unpalatable grass N. trichotoma recruited better under low competitive pressure from established plants. Our results suggest that the availability of microsites with low competitive pressure from the established vegetation, created by selective grazing of palatable grasses, promotes the recruitment of unpalatable grass seedlings. This mechanism may contribute to the species replacement process commonly observed in heavy grazed grasslands. 相似文献
125.
Jean Armengaud Agnès Delaunay-Moisan Jean-Yves Thuret Eelco van Anken Diego Acosta-Alvear Tomás Aragón Carolina Arias Marc Blondel Ineke Braakman Jean-François Collet René Courcol Antoine Danchin Jean-François Deleuze Jean-Philippe Lavigne Sophie Lucas Thomas Michiels Edward R. B. Moore Jonathon Nixon-Abell Ramon Rossello-Mora Zheng-Li Shi Antonio G. Siccardi Roberto Sitia Daniel Tillett Kenneth N. Timmis Michel B. Toledano Peter van der Sluijs Elisa Vicenzi 《Environmental microbiology》2020,22(6):1997-2000
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is wreaking havoc throughout the world and has rapidly become a global health emergency. A central question concerning COVID-19 is why some individuals become sick and others not. Many have pointed already at variation in risk factors between individuals. However, the variable outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections may, at least in part, be due also to differences between the viral subspecies with which individuals are infected. A more pertinent question is how we are to overcome the current pandemic. A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 would offer significant relief, although vaccine developers have warned that design, testing and production of vaccines may take a year if not longer. Vaccines are based on a handful of different designs (i), but the earliest vaccines were based on the live, attenuated virus. As has been the case for other viruses during earlier pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 will mutate and may naturally attenuate over time (ii). What makes the current pandemic unique is that, thanks to state-of-the-art nucleic acid sequencing technologies, we can follow in detail how SARS-CoV-2 evolves while it spreads. We argue that knowledge of naturally emerging attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variants across the globe should be of key interest in our fight against the pandemic. 相似文献
126.
Romain Minebois Roberto Pérez-Torrado Amparo Querol 《Environmental microbiology》2020,22(9):3700-3721
The monitoring of fermentation at low temperatures (12–15°C) is a current practice in the winery for retention and enhancement of the flavour volatile content of wines. Among Saccharomyces species, Saccharomyces uvarum and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii have revealed interesting industrial properties, including better adaptation at low temperatures. To gather deeper knowledge of the fermentative metabolism at a low temperature of these species together with S. cerevisiae, we performed a comparative metabolomic analysis using four representative strains. We used batch cultures to obtain an exhaustive and dynamic image of the metabolome of strains passing through the sequential stresses related to the winemaking environment. A great variety of intra- and extracellular metabolites (>500 compounds) were quantified across fermentation using distinct chromatographic methods. Besides a global decrease in the lipid composition of the four strains when they entered into the stationary phase, we reported some strain-specific high magnitude changes. Examples of these differences included divergent patterns of production of short-chain fatty acids and erythritol in the S. uvarum strain. Strains also differed in expression for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and sulphur metabolism, including the glutathione pathway. These data will allow us to refine and obtain the most value of fermentations with this alternative Saccharomyces species. 相似文献
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128.
Olivo Miotto Makoto Sekihara Shin-Ichiro Tachibana Masato Yamauchi Richard D. Pearson Roberto Amato Sonia Gonalves Somya Mehra Rintis Noviyanti Jutta Marfurt Sarah Auburn Ric N. Price Ivo Mueller Mie Ikeda Toshiyuki Mori Makoto Hirai Livingstone Tavul Manuel W. Hetzel Moses Laman Alyssa E. Barry Pascal Ringwald Jun Ohashi Francis Hombhanje Dominic P. Kwiatkowski Toshihiro Mita 《PLoS pathogens》2020,16(12)
The rapid and aggressive spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum carrying the C580Y mutation in the kelch13 gene is a growing threat to malaria elimination in Southeast Asia, but there is no evidence of their spread to other regions. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in 2016 and 2017 at two clinics in Wewak, Papua New Guinea (PNG) where we identified three infections caused by C580Y mutants among 239 genotyped clinical samples. One of these mutants exhibited the highest survival rate (6.8%) among all parasites surveyed in ring-stage survival assays (RSA) for artemisinin. Analyses of kelch13 flanking regions, and comparisons of deep sequencing data from 389 clinical samples from PNG, Indonesian Papua and Western Cambodia, suggested an independent origin of the Wewak C580Y mutation, showing that the mutants possess several distinctive genetic features. Identity by descent (IBD) showed that multiple portions of the mutants’ genomes share a common origin with parasites found in Indonesian Papua, comprising several mutations within genes previously associated with drug resistance, such as mdr1, ferredoxin, atg18 and pnp. These findings suggest that a P. falciparum lineage circulating on the island of New Guinea has gradually acquired a complex ensemble of variants, including kelch13 C580Y, which have affected the parasites’ drug sensitivity. This worrying development reinforces the need for increased surveillance of the evolving parasite populations on the island, to contain the spread of resistance. 相似文献
129.