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51.
52.
Ratul Saha Robert S. Donofrio Susan T. Bagley 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2010,37(8):843-848
A TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed for the detection and enumeration of
three Pseudomonas species belonging to the mendocina sublineage (P. oleovorans, P. pseudoalcaligenes, and P. oleovorans subsp. lubricantis) found in contaminated metalworking fluids (MWFs). These microbes are the primary colonizers and serve as indicator organisms
of biodegradation of used MWFs. Molecular techniques such as qPCR are preferred for the detection of these microbes since
they grow poorly on typical growth media such as R2A agar and Pseudomonas isolation agar (PIA). Traditional culturing techniques not only underestimate the actual distribution of these bacteria but
are also time-consuming. The primer–probe pair developed from gyrase B (gyrB) sequences of the targeted bacteria was highly sensitive and specific for the three species. qPCR was performed with both
whole cell and genomic DNA to confirm the specificity and sensitivity of the assay. The sensitivity of the assay was 101 colony forming units (CFU)/ml for whole cell and 13.7 fg with genomic DNA. The primer–probe pair was successful in determining
concentrations from used MWF samples, indicating levels between 2.9 × 103 and 3.9 × 106 CFU/ml. In contrast, the total count of Pseudomonas sp. recovered on PIA was in the range of <1.0 × 101 to 1.4 × 105 CFU/ml for the same samples. Based on these results from the qPCR assay, the designed TaqMan primer–probe pair can be efficiently
used for rapid (within 2 h) determination of the distribution of these species of Pseudomonas in contaminated MWFs. 相似文献
53.
Felix Roosen-Runge Marcus Hennig Tilo Seydel Fajun Zhang Maximilian W.A. Skoda Stefan Zorn Robert M.J. Jacobs Marco Maccarini Peter Fouquet Frank Schreiber 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics》2010,1804(1):68-75
We report on a combined cold neutron backscattering and spin-echo study of the short-range and long-range nanosecond diffusion of the model globular protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution as a function of protein concentration and NaCl salt concentration. Complementary small angle X-ray scattering data are used to obtain information on the correlations of the proteins in solution. Particular emphasis is put on the effect of crowding, i.e. conditions under which the proteins cannot be considered as objects independent of each other. We thus address the question at which concentration this crowding starts to influence the static and in particular also the dynamical behaviour. We also briefly discuss qualitatively which charge effects, i.e. effects due to the interplay of charged molecules in an electrolyte solution, may be anticipated. Both the issue of crowding as well as that of charge effects are particularly relevant for proteins and their function under physiological conditions, where the protein volume fraction can be up to approximately 40% and salt ions are ubiquitous. The interpretation of the data is put in the context of existing studies on related systems and of existing theoretical models. 相似文献
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Paul McDonough D Merrill Dane Connie C W Hsia Cuneyt Yilmaz Robert L Johnson 《Journal of applied physiology》2006,100(2):474-481
In a previous study, our laboratory showed that young dogs born at sea level (SL) and raised from 2.5 mo of age to beyond somatic maturity at a high altitude (HA) of 3,100 m show enhanced resting lung function (Johnson RL Jr, Cassidy SS, Grover RF, Schutte JE, and Epstein RH. J Appl Physiol 59: 1773-1782, 1985). To examine whether HA-induced adaptation improves pulmonary gas exchange during exercise and whether adaptation is reversible when animals return to SL before somatic maturity, we raised 2.5-mo-old foxhounds at HA (3,800 m) for 5 mo (to age 7.5 mo) before returning them to SL. Lung function was measured under anesthesia 1 mo and 2 yr after return to SL and during exercise approximately 1 yr after return. In animals exposed to HA relative to simultaneous litter-matched SL controls, resting circulating blood and erythrocyte volumes, lung volumes, septal volume estimated by a rebreathing technique, and lung tissue volume estimated by high-resolution computed tomography scan were persistently higher. Lung diffusing capacity, membrane diffusing capacity, and pulmonary capillary blood volume estimated at a given cardiac output were significantly higher in animals exposed to HA, whereas maximal oxygen uptake and hematocrit were similar between groups. We conclude that relatively short exposure to HA during somatic maturation improves long-term lung function into adulthood. 相似文献
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Biological screening for hereditary thrombophilia must be performed with constant concern for quality of the results and the interpretation. Different guidelines are available common to most laboratory tests, common to hemostasis tests, thrombophilia screening or specific for each test. These different steps are discussed in this paper with a special focus on the diagnosis of antithrombin, protein C and protein S deficiencies. 相似文献
58.
W. O. van der Knaap Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen Tomasz Goslar Robert Krisai Willy Tinner 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2012,21(1):37-60
Three mires and a small lake in the Swiss and Austrian Alps were studied palynologically at high resolution, covering the
last 1,000, 400, 50 and 1,200 years, respectively. Methodological lessons include: (1) Sub-decadal resolution in upper, little-decomposed
peat layers reveals recurrent marked fluctuations in both percentages and influx of regional tree-pollen types, reflecting
variations in pollen production rather than in plant-population sizes. (2) Intermittent, single-spectrum pollen maxima in
samples of sub-decadal resolution indicate pollen transport in clumps. This type of pollen transport may remain unrecognized
in sections with lower sampling resolution, which may then lead to inappropriate interpretation in terms of plant-population
sizes. (3) The detection of short-lived phases of human impact in decomposed peat requires sampling intervals as close as
0.2 cm. (4) PAR (pollen influx) may reflect vegetation dynamics more faithfully than percentages. Reliable PAR, however, is
difficult to achieve in Alpine mires due to past human impact on peat growth, even when complex depth–age modelling techniques
are used. Critical comparison of PAR with percentages is therefore essential. (5) Careful consideration of spatial scales
in pollen signals (local–regional and subdivisions) is essential for a realistic palaeo-ecological interpretation. Results
in terms of past human impact on vegetation are summarized as follows: (1) Trends in pollen types reflecting regional human
action are in general agreement with earlier findings for the western Swiss Alps, allowing for regional differences. (2) All
mires in the Alps investigated here and in an earlier study experienced human impact during the last millennium. The studied
small lake, lying in sub-alpine pasture, records forest dynamics at a lower elevation since a.d. 800. 相似文献
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