全文获取类型
收费全文 | 584739篇 |
免费 | 52750篇 |
国内免费 | 1006篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 17368篇 |
2017年 | 16199篇 |
2016年 | 14361篇 |
2015年 | 9205篇 |
2014年 | 10397篇 |
2013年 | 14069篇 |
2012年 | 20927篇 |
2011年 | 30908篇 |
2010年 | 24625篇 |
2009年 | 20293篇 |
2008年 | 26188篇 |
2007年 | 28874篇 |
2006年 | 15057篇 |
2005年 | 15325篇 |
2004年 | 15355篇 |
2003年 | 14834篇 |
2002年 | 14159篇 |
2001年 | 18253篇 |
2000年 | 18066篇 |
1999年 | 14538篇 |
1998年 | 5759篇 |
1997年 | 5829篇 |
1996年 | 5453篇 |
1995年 | 5123篇 |
1994年 | 4947篇 |
1993年 | 5083篇 |
1992年 | 12106篇 |
1991年 | 11972篇 |
1990年 | 11720篇 |
1989年 | 11325篇 |
1988年 | 10896篇 |
1987年 | 10468篇 |
1986年 | 9739篇 |
1985年 | 9674篇 |
1984年 | 8284篇 |
1983年 | 7198篇 |
1982年 | 5766篇 |
1981年 | 5265篇 |
1980年 | 5047篇 |
1979年 | 7788篇 |
1978年 | 6261篇 |
1977年 | 5788篇 |
1976年 | 5547篇 |
1975年 | 5911篇 |
1974年 | 6661篇 |
1973年 | 6493篇 |
1972年 | 6591篇 |
1971年 | 5997篇 |
1970年 | 4852篇 |
1969年 | 4777篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
K. Choi M. D. Burow G. Church G. Burow A. H. Paterson C. E. Simpson J. L. Starr 《Journal of nematology》1999,31(3):283-290
Segregation of resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in six BC₅F₂ peanut breeding populations was examined in greenhouse tests. Chi-square analysis indicated that segregation of resistance was consistent with resistance being conditioned by a single gene in three breeding populations (TP259-3, TP262-3, and TP271-2), whereas two resistance genes may be present in the breeding populations TP259-2, TP263-2, and TP268-3. Nematode development in clonally propagated lines of resistant individuals of TP262-3 and TP263-2 was compared to that of the susceptible cultivar Florunner. Juvenile nematodes readily penetrated roots of all peanut genotypes, but rate of development was slower (P = 0.05) in the resistant genotypes than in Florunner. Host cell necrosis indicative of a hypersensitive response was not consistently observed in resistant genotypes of either population. Three RFLP loci linked to resistance at distances of 4.2 to 11.0 centiMorgans were identified. Resistant and susceptible alleles for RFLP loci R2430E and R2545E were quite distinct and are useful for identifying individuals homozygous for resistance in segregating populations. 相似文献
992.
993.
Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme containing a tetrahedral arsenic atom. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
A series of tetrahedral oxo acids of Group VA and VIA elements and of silicon and boron were examined as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Arsenate is a competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 27 +/- 1 mM, at least 10-fold more potent than phosphate. Dimethylarsinate is a competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 70 +/- 9 mM, 2-fold more potent than dimethylphosphinate. Oxo acids of boron, silicon, antimony, sulphur and selenium are not inhibitors. On the basis of these results and the strong inhibition of this zinc metallopeptidase by substrate analogues containing a tetrahedral phosphorus atom, two substrate analogues containing a tetrahedral arsenic atom were prepared. 2-Arsonoacetyl-L-proline is a competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 18 +/- 7 mM, more than 2000-fold weaker than that of its phosphorus analogue 2-phosphonoacetyl-L-proline. 4-Arsono-2-benzylbutanoic acid is a mixed inhibitor with a Ki of 0.5 +/- 0.2 mM, indistinguishable in potency from its phosphorus analogue 2-benzyl-4-phosphonobutanoic acid. 相似文献
994.
Colin K.W. Watts Robert L. Sutherland 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1984,120(1):109-115
Saturation and competitive binding analyses demonstrated the presence of a high affinity (KD = 0.92 nM), specific antiestrogen binding site (AEBS) in rat liver microsomes and at least 75% of total liver AEBS was recovered in this fraction. When microsomes were further separated into smooth and rough fractions, AEBS was concentrated in the latter. Subsequent dissociation of ribosomes from the rough membranes revealed that AEBS was associated with the membrane and not the ribosomal fraction. Antiestrogen binding activity could not be extracted from membranes with 1 M KCl or 0.5 M acetic acid but could be solubilized with sodium cholate. These data indicate that AEBS is an integral membrane component of the rough microsomal fraction of rat liver. 相似文献
995.
Effects of atropine on respiratory heat loss in asthma 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Breslin F. J.; McFadden E. R. Jr; Ingram R. H. Jr; Deal E. C. Jr 《Journal of applied physiology》1980,48(4):619-623
996.
A P Weetman M E Holt A K Campbell R Hall A M McGregor 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1984,288(6416):518-520
A study was conducted investigating the possibility that the immunosuppressive action of methimazole (the active metabolite of the antithyroid drug carbimazole) might be due to an effect on the production of oxygen radicals by monocytes. Techniques comprised measurement of luminol dependent chemoluminescence in monocytes and a spectrophotometric assay for production of hydrogen peroxide. The results showed definite inhibition of formation of oxygen radicals by resting and stimulated monocytes, which may explain the immunosuppressive action of the drug in Graves'' disease. The findings also suggest that the formation of oxygen radicals and the initiation of the immune response may be closely related. 相似文献
997.
7alpha-Dehydroxylation of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid by Clostridium leptum. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The rate of 7alpha-dehydroxylation of primary bile acids was quantitatively measured radiochromatographically in anaerobically washed whole cell suspensions of Clostridium leptum. The pH optimum for the 7alpha-dehydroxylation of both cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid was 6.5-7.0. Substrate saturation curves were observed for the 7alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid. However, cholic acid whole cell K0.5 (0.37 micron) and V (0.20 mumol hr-1mg protein-1) values differed significantly from chenodeoxycholic acid whole cell K0.5 (0.18 micron) and V (0.50 mumol-1 hr-1 mg protein-1). 7alpha-Dehydroxylation activity was not detected using glycine and taurine-conjugated primary bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid methyl ester, or hyocholic acid as substrates. Substrate competition experiments showed that cholic acid 7 alpha-dehydroxylation was reduced by increasing concentrations of chendeoxycholic acid; however, chenodeoxycholic acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation activity was unaffected by increasing concentrations of cholic acid. A 10-fold increase in cholic and 7alpha-dehydroxylation activity occurred during the transition from logarithmic to stationary phase growth whether cells were cultured in the presence or absence of sodium cholate. In the same culture, a similar increase in chenodeoxycholic acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation was detected only in cells cultured in the presence of sodium cholate. These results indicate the possible existence of two independent systems for 7alpha-dehydroxylation in C. Leptum. 相似文献
998.
Nucleoside analogues as antiviral agents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E de Clercq 《Acta microbiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae》1981,28(3):289-306
999.
A Jans E F Ippel P F Dijkstra J B Bijlsma 《Genetic counseling (Geneva, Switzerland)》1992,3(3):139-143
We report two sisters with mental retardation, coarse facial features, telecanthus, flat malar region, prominent lower lip, kyphoscoliosis, and tapering fingers. Although these patients' phenotypes showed considerable overlap with the Coffin-Lowry and the Atkin-Flaitz syndromes, their overall picture makes these diagnoses controversial. 相似文献
1000.
A Malassiné C Besse A Roche E Alsat R Rebourcet F Mondon L Cedard 《Histochemistry》1987,87(5):457-464
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) were conjugated to colloidal gold to visualize the route for internalization of LDL in the cultured cells of human term placenta. Cells were obtained from placental villi (caesarian section) by a standard trypsin-DNase dispersion method followed in some cases by a Percoll gradient centrifugation step. Employing electron microscopy it was observed that after 3 days of culture, cells obtained by trypsin-DNase dispersion were a mixture of macrophages, mononucleated cells and large multinucleated cells. When the cells were incubated for 3 days after the Percoll purification, essentially multinucleated cells identical to the syncytiotrophoblast were present. The number of LDL receptor was increased by preincubation in medium with lipoprotein depleted serum. In binding experiments cells incubated at 4 degrees C for 2 h with medium containing gold LDL conjugates showed gold LDL attached to the plasma membrane without characteristic localization. After incubation with gold LDL at 37 degrees C for various times, the three cellular types showed ligand internalization. Gold LDL endocytosis involved first coated pits but also uncoated plasmalemmal invaginations. Then gold LDL was further observed in coated and non coated vesicles, smooth walled endosomes, multivesicular bodies and tubular vesicles. Lastly free gold particles were observed in lysosome like dense bodies. These results prove the internalization of gold LDL conjugates by human cultured placental cells, particularly by syncytiotrophoblast like multinucleated cells. This accumulation of LDL (the major cholesterol carrying protein in humans) is recognised to be responsible for the exogenous cholesterol supply indispensable to the progesterone biosynthesis and cellular growth of the placenta. 相似文献