Highly charged radioactive initiator methionyl transfer RNA from in vivo labeled HeLa cells

³⁵S-Labeled Met-tRNA_f^Met can be prepared from HeLa cells, for studies of translation in vitro, with both a high degree of charging and a relatively high specific radioactivity. HeLa cells are labeled with [³⁵S]methionine in vivo, in the presence of cycloheximide to reduce translation. Their cytoplasmic RNA is then isolated by phenol extraction and subjected to cellulose ion-exchange chromatography in order to partially purify labeled Met-tRNA_f^Met and resolve it from Met-tRNA_m^Met.     

Choline uptake is increased by Ca++ and liposomes+ Ca++ in ascites tumor cells

Steady-state uptake of choline by Lettre-Ehrlich tumor cells in vitro, resulting in cell-to-medium ratios of 10 or more, is significantly increased by 0.2-1.0 mM Ca++ as well as by dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline multilamellar liposomes + Ca++. The increases occur in spite of a decrease in carrier affinity, as indicated by the Km, and therefore result either from increased carrier velocity or utilization of new carriers. About half of the labelled choline which is taken up is firmly bound to cells. That label which freely leaves cells is phosphocholine, thus, these cells utilize choline mainly in phospholipid synthesis. Choline and nitrogen mustard (HN2) share a plasma membrane carrier but the intracellular distribution of HN2 into DNA, RNA and protein, contrasts with that of choline, into phospholipid.     

Should high-cobalt EV batteries be repurposed? Using LCA to assess the impact of technological innovation on the waste hierarchy

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a key technology in decarbonizing the transportation and electricity sectors, yet the use of critical materials, such as cobalt, nickel, and lithium, lead to environmental and social impacts. Reusing, repurposing, and recycling mitigate battery impacts by extending their lifespan and reducing reliance on virgin materials. Innovation that reduces demand for these problematic materials and increases battery efficiency also reduces impacts. Two examples of this technological innovation include, (1) the development of energy dense cathode chemistry containing less cobalt, a material with high social and environmental impacts; and (2) the use of columnar silicon thin film anode, which results in increased energy density compared to the commonly used graphite anode. This research assesses whether these technological innovations change the currently understood waste hierarchy, which prioritizes reuse or repurposing prior to recycling. This is of interest because retired high-cobalt batteries could supply their constituent materials sooner if recycled immediately and be used in low-cobalt, higher-performing batteries. The assessment considers the life cycle environmental impacts of two end-of-life management routes for a high-cobalt LIB: first, recycling the battery immediately after the first use life to produce a new, and less material intensive battery, and second, repurposing the battery for a stationary storage application followed by recycling. Findings show that battery reuse reduces life cycle environmental impacts relative to immediate recycling. Thus, from an environmental perspective, the waste hierarchy holds, and steps to retain the batteries in their highest value use, such as through repurposing, should still be prioritized.     

iPSC modeling of stage-specific leukemogenesis reveals BAALC as a key oncogene in severe congenital neutropenia

1. Download : Download high-res image (88KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Botanische VerhÄltnisse in Istrien

Plant Systematics and Evolution -     

Ergebnisse

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Red cell glyoxalase i (E.C.: 4.4.1.5): formal genetics and linkage relations.

The segregation of GLO-phenotypes was analysed in 119 families with 266 children. The results are in agreement with the formal two-allele-model. Close linkage was ruled out for a number of informative markers.