四川省西部鱼类寄生粘孢子虫——1.粘体虫属六新种(粘孢子纲:双壳目)

本文报导四川省西部鱼类寄生粘孢子虫粘体虫属六新种,即异型粘体虫,新种Myxosoma disparis sp.nov.,四川粘体虫,新种Myxosoma sichuanensis sp.nov.,光唇粘体虫,新种Myxosoma acrossochilusi sp.nov.鳅粘体虫,新种Myxosoma nemachilusi sp.nov.斜囊粘体虫,新种Myxosoma obliqua sp.nov.,雅安粘体虫,新种Myxosoma yaanensis sp.nov.。     

小麦×玉米单倍体植株再生体系的建立

为获得一定规模的小麦单倍体植株以构建小麦DH(Double Haploid)群体,采用小麦(Triticum aestivum,2n=42)与玉米(Zeamays,2n=20)远缘杂交诱导小麦单倍体胚,经胚拯救产生单倍体植株,研究了1/2MS培养基中幼胚取材时期、幼胚大小、4℃处理时间、暗处理时间对单倍体胚培养再生成苗的影响,结果表明:授粉后12天~16天取材的幼胚经胚拯救后成苗率无明显差异;0.5mm~1.0mm大小的幼胚成苗率显著高于0mm~0.5mm和1.0mm~1.5mm大小的幼胚成苗率;1天~3天短期4℃处理对胚萌发具有一定促进作用,但处理3天后,出愈率和成苗率降低;胚培养过程中12天左右的24h暗处理能有效提高成苗率。     

不同光质对毛脉酸模中蒽醌类成分的影响

通过红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色滤光膜对毛脉酸模进行遮膜处理。采用高效液相色谱法对毛脉酸模根样品中的蒽醌类成分含量进行测定,研究光质对毛脉酸模根次生代谢产物蒽醌类成分的影响。进行了方差分析。二年生黄膜处理中蒽醌类成分含量显著性高于处理组及空白组。一年生空白组及对照组中蒽醌类成分含量显著性高于处理组。结果表明黄膜处理显著提高二年生毛脉酸模中中蒽醌类成分含量。     

Effects of general,specific and combined warm-up on explosive muscular performance

The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of general, specific and combined warm-up (WU) on explosive performance. Healthy male (n = 10) subjects participated in six WU protocols in a crossover randomized study design. Protocols were: passive rest (PR; 15 min of passive rest), running (Run; 5 min of running at 70% of maximum heart rate), stretching (STR; 5 min of static stretching exercise), jumping [Jump; 5 min of jumping exercises – 3x8 countermovement jumps (CMJ) and 3x8 drop jumps from 60 cm (DJ60)], and combined (COM; protocols Run+STR+Jump combined). Immediately before and after each WU, subjects were assessed for explosive concentric-only (i.e. squat jump – SJ), slow stretch-shortening cycle (i.e. CMJ), fast stretch-shortening cycle (i.e. DJ60) and contact time (CT) muscle performance. PR significantly reduced SJ performance (p =0.007). Run increased SJ (p =0.0001) and CMJ (p =0.002). STR increased CMJ (p =0.048). Specific WU (i.e. Jump) increased SJ (p =0.001), CMJ (p =0.028) and DJ60 (p =0.006) performance. COM increased CMJ performance (p =0.006). Jump was superior in SJ performance vs. PR (p =0.001). Jump reduced (p =0.03) CT in DJ60. In conclusion, general, specific and combined WU increase slow stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) muscle performance, but only specific WU increases fast SSC muscle performance. Therefore, to increase fast SSC performance, specific fast SSC muscle actions must be included during the WU.     

辛伐他汀在大鼠体内药动学性别差异的研究

目的:研究Wistar大鼠单次灌服辛伐他汀后体内药代动力学的性别差异。方法:利用高效液相色谱方法检测大鼠血浆中辛伐他汀浓度,采用非房室模型法计算各自药动学参数。结果:雌、雄大鼠体内Cmax分别为(144.66±22.31)ng·mL~(-1)和(165.91±52.50)ng·mL~(-1);t_(1/2)分别为(4.74±1.19)h和(14.98±6.64)h;AUC_(0-10)分别为(0.990±0.19)μg.h·mL~(-1)和(0.726±0.15)μg·h·mL~(-1);AUC0-∞分别为(1.62±0.47)μg·h·mL~(-1)和(2.19±0.62)μg·h·mL~(-1);MRT分别为(9.69±1.60)h和(23.08±8.89)h,经t-检验,雌、雄大鼠主要药动学参数t_(1/2)、AUC_(0-10)、MRT均有统计学显著性差异(p<0.01)。结论:辛伐他汀在大鼠体内的药代动力学存在明显的性别差异,辛伐他汀在雌性大鼠体内代谢较快。     

Novobiocin-resistance sequences from the novobiocin-producing strain Streptomyces niveus

Two distinct DNA sequences expressing novobiocin resistance in Streptomyces lividans were cloned from the novobiocin-producing species Streptomyces niveus. Clone pGL101 (5kb) conferred resistance to 50 micrograms ml-1 novobiocin, whereas clones pGL102 and pGL103, which carry the same 6.5kb insert but in opposite orientations, expressed resistance to 150 micrograms ml-1. The cloned inserts from pGL101 and pGL103 failed to hybridize with each other or with the cloned novobiocin-resistant gyrB sequence from Streptomyces sphaeroides. Both probes hybridized strongly with DNA from the novobiocin-producing species S. niveus and S. sphaeroides but no hybridization (pGL103) or very weak hybridization (pGL101) was detected with DNA from the non-producing species S. lividans, Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces antibioticus. S. niveus contains at least three novobiocin-resistance determinants with the pGL101 and pGL103 cloned sequences specific for novobiocin-producing strains of Streptomyces.     

Morphological differentiation among populations of Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron Rüppell 1852 across the West African Lagoon systems (Benin,Cameroon, Nigeria,Togo)

Morphometric variation among populations of Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron across its natural range (Mahin, epe, Lekki, Apese, Kuramo, Lagos, Iyagbe, Ologe, Badagry, Yewa – Nigeria; Be Lagoon – Togo; Idenau – Cameroon, Aheme – Benin; Portonovo – Benin) were studied to assess the level of differentiation of one of the populations that is currently isolated from the rest, the Apese Lagoon population. S. m. melanotheron showed subtle differentiation from some of the other lagoon populations. However, the pattern of variation did not reflect the level of geographical barriers or geographical distance among populations. The characters that form the basis of the differentiation observed were mostly those related to feeding, vision and respiration.     

Influences on the antimicrobial activity of surface-adsorbed nisin

The efficacy of the antimicrobial peptide nisin was examined after adsorption to silica surfaces. Three protocols were used to evaluate nisin's activity against adhered cells ofListeria monocytogenes: bioassay usingPediococcus pentosaceous FBB 61-2 as the sensitive indicator strain; visualization and enumeration of cells by microscopic image analysis; and viability of adhered cells as determined by lodonitrotetrazolium violet uptake and crystallization. The activity of adsorbed nisin was highly dependent upon conditions of adsorption. The highest antimicrobial activity of adsorbed nisin occurred with high concentrations of nisin (1.0 mg ml^–1) and brief contact times (1 h) on surfaces of low hydrophobicity. Sequential adsorption of a second protein (-lactoglobulin or bovine serum albumin) onto surfaces consistently resulted in decreased nisin activity. These data provide direction for the development of applications to limit microbial attachment on food contact surfaces through the use of adsorbed antimicrobial peptides.     

Dynamics of Forest Landscape Patterns Along the Main Road in Xishuangbanna

In this paper, we investigated dynamics of forest landscape along the main roads in Xishuangbanna from 1976 to 1988, and from 1988 to 2003, using FRAGSTATS software and the GIS technology, based on the results interpreted from the Landsat MSS TM ETM imageries in 1976, 1988, 2003. Some representative quantitative indices of landscape diversity, including mean patch area, percent of landscape , perimeter-area fractal dimension , aggregation , Shannon′s diversity index , and Shannon′s equality index were used to describe the changes in the spatial pattern of landscape elements. Comparing with whole region of Xishuangbanna during last 27 years , the results showed that the man-made landscape (rubber plantation) and non-forested landscape along the main road expanded faster and their percentage were greater, whereas the natural landscape ( primitive forest patches) reduced faster and its percentage was smaller . There were obviouseffects of road on landscape which the forest coverage was decreased , and rubber plantation landscape was increased with the distance from the road . The natural forest landscape had been fragmented. Especially, the tropical seasonal rain forest was affected severely, while the area and contagion of rubber plantation and shrub increased. The whole landscape pattern along the main road tended to be diversiform, equal and fragmented. The landscape was still dominated by natural landscapes but this dominance was weakening . A case study about the displacement of landscape patch centroids showed that the spatial centroids of many types of landscape, including rubber plantation, tropical seasonal rain forest, mountain rain forest, shrub and non-forested land had moved away from the road. All of these changes in landscape pattern would lead the deterioration of these region environments.     

KRAB型锌指蛋白在高等脊椎动物胚胎发育和肿瘤发生、发展中的调控功能

KRAB型锌指蛋白(KRAB-ZFPs)最早出现于四足类脊椎动物, 且进化非常迅速, 是人类基因组编码的最大转录因子家族。尽管当前对此家族蛋白发挥调控功能的分子机制已有较为深入的研究, 但关于此家族蛋白所具备的高等脊椎动物特有的调控功能目前尚无全面系统的认识。文章对KRAB型锌指蛋白在高等脊椎动物的胚胎发育及肿瘤发生、发展中发挥的调控功能进行综述, 以期丰富对该家族蛋白在不同生理、病理过程中调控功能的认识, 为今后更深入的理论和应用研究打下坚实基础。