白额巨蟹蛛对红头丽蝇捕食行为的初步观察

本文首次报道了在实验条件(温度19～23 ℃、相对湿度80 %)下白额巨蟹蛛对红头丽蝇的捕食行为和捕食功能反应的初步观察结果,并用Holling-Ⅱ型功能反应模型进行拟合,白额巨蟹蛛捕食红头丽蝇的功能反应直线回归方程为:NA＝1.0031 N/(1 0.0626 N).本研究结果,可以为蜘蛛控制卫生害虫提供理论依据.     

短角瘿蚊属一新种记述(双翅目,瘿蚊科)

记述了采自山东省的短角瘿蚊1新种:泰山短角瘿蚊Anarete taishanensis sp.nov.,模式标本存放于山东农业大学昆虫标本室.     

Large predators limit herbivore densities in northern forest ecosystems

There is a lack of scientific consensus about how top-down and bottom-up forces interact to structure terrestrial ecosystems. This is especially true for systems with large carnivore and herbivore species where the effects of predation versus food limitation on herbivores are controversial. Uncertainty exists whether top-down forces driven by large carnivores are common, and if so, how their influences vary with predator guild composition and primary productivity. Based on data and information in 42 published studies from over a 50-year time span, we analyzed the composition of large predator guilds and prey densities across a productivity gradient in boreal and temperate forests of North America and Eurasia. We found that predation by large mammalian carnivores, especially sympatric gray wolves (Canis lupus) and bears (Ursus spp.), apparently limits densities of large mammalian herbivores. We found that cervid densities, measured in deer equivalents, averaged nearly six times greater in areas without wolves compared to areas with wolves. In areas with wolves, herbivore density increased only slightly with increasing productivity. These predator effects are consistent with the exploitation ecosystems hypothesis and appear to occur across a broad range of net primary productivities. Results are also consistent with theory on trophic cascades, suggesting widespread and top-down forcing by large carnivores on large herbivores in forest biomes across the northern hemisphere. These findings have important conservation implications involving not only the management of large carnivores but also that of large herbivores and plant communities.     

交趾黄檀心材的黄酮类和三萜类成分

为研究交趾黄檀(Dalbergia cochinchinensis)的化学成分,采用有机溶剂提取、萃取及多种色谱分离技术,从其心材中分离得到5个新黄酮和7个其他类型成分.根据理化性质和波谱数据,其结构分别鉴定为:7-hydroxy-2?,3?,4?-trimethoxyisoflavan(1)、6,4?-dihydro...