Rats with Malformations of Cortical Development Exhibit Decreased Length of AIS and Hypersensitivity to Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are critical brain development disorders associated with varied abnormalities in both anatomic structures and neural functioning. It is also a very common etiology to the epilepsy, in which the alteration on excitability of cortical neurons is hypothesized as one of important causes to the epileptic seizures. Due to the key role in regulating neuron firing properties, the plasticity of axon initial segment (AIS) was investigated in present study to further determine the relation between MCD and epilepsy. Our results showed a prolonged decrease in the length of AIS occurred in MCD animal models. Besides, the AIS was also found greatly shortened in MCD models during the acute, but not chronic phase of status epileptics compared with intact controls. Our findings of identification of AIS plasticity in MCD animal models and its hypersensitivity to status epilepsy are significant in furthering our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this disorder.     

农业生态系统杂草多样性保持的生态学功能

杂草是农业生态系统中的重要生物组成部分 ,也是影响农林作物生长和导致产量下降的重要因素之一。过去人们一直努力将杂草从农业生态系统地中清除出去 ,对杂草的研究往往也更多地注重其危害性和防治途径。近年来保护农业生产区域中杂草等野生植物的多样性以及发挥其在维持生态平衡中的作用逐渐为人们所重视[1～4] 1) ,2 ) 。本文对国内外有关农业生态系统中杂草多样性保护及其生态学功能的研究报道作一简要概述 ,以供参考。1　农业生态系统杂草多样性保护早在 1 982年Ｈｉｂｉｇ提出不使用除草剂、不铲除杂草等办法保持农田周围、草地、园林…     

用单性结实基因2A11-iaaM转化罗汉果的研究

为了实现罗汉果生产中免除人工授粉和果实无籽化,该研究利用pBI121-Gus构建果实特异启动子2A11与生长素合成相关基因iaaM的嵌合基因(2A11-iaaM)过量表达载体,以罗汉果雌株叶盘为材料,采用农杆菌介导法建立罗汉果高效遗传转化体系,转化和创制单性结实罗汉果种质,通过基因特异引物对的PCR扩增,初步检测出转基因阳性植株,将之移栽大田,观察转基因植株的单性结实性的表现。结果表明:构建罗汉果单性结实性相关的pBAI-Gus植物双元表达载体获得成功;建立了农杆菌介导的罗汉果叶盘遗传转化优化体系,即农杆菌菌液OD_(600)值为0.3～0.5,侵染10 min,最优选择培养基为MS+TDZ 0.7 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+Kan 5 mg·L~(-1)+Cef 300 mg·L~(-1);经PCR鉴定共获得4株转基因阳性雌株;将阳性植株扩繁后移栽田间,经田间调查发现,24株阳性扩繁植株中有5株正常开花,占总植株数的20.8%,且其子房未经人工授粉发育成幼果,表现单性结实性。在载体构建和农杆菌介导的罗汉果遗传转化体系优化的基础上,将外源单性结实相关嵌合基因整合进罗汉果基因组并得到表达,为后续研究单性结实罗汉果的遗传生理,创制转基因罗汉果单性结实新种质,以及克服其产业化中需要人工授粉和无籽化提供了理论和应用基础。     

Reverse micelle-based chemiluminescence system for quinine sulphate.

A new chemiluminescence (CL) method is proposed for the determination of quinine sulphate, which is based on the dichloromethane solvent extraction of the ion-pair complex of tetrachloroaurate (III) with quinine sulphate, and luminol CL detection in a reversed micellar medium formed by the cation surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in a dichloromethane-cyclohexane (3:7, v/v)-water (0.35 mol/L Na2CO3 buffer solution, pH 11.5). The ion-pair complex of tetrachloroaurate (III) with quinine sulphate produced an analytical CL signal when it entered the reversed micellar water pool. In optimum conditions, CL intensities are proportional to the concentrations of the studied drug over the range 0.015-10 microg/mL, with a detection limit of 1.5 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is 1.38% for 2.5 microg/mL quinine sulphate (n=11). The method has been applied to the determination of the studied drug in biological fluids, with satisfactory results.     

A biofilm model to understand the onset of sulfate reduction in denitrifying membrane biofilm reactors

This work presents a multispecies biofilm model that describes the co‐existence of nitrate‐ and sulfate‐reducing bacteria in the H₂‐based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). The new model adapts the framework of a biofilm model for simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate removal by considering the unique metabolic and physiological characteristics of autotrophic sulfate‐reducing bacteria that use H₂ as their electron donor. To evaluate the model, the simulated effluent H₂, UAP (substrate‐utilization‐associated products), and BAP (biomass‐associated products) concentrations are compared to experimental results, and the simulated biomass distributions are compared to real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data in the experiments for parameter optimization. Model outputs and experimental results match for all major trends and explain when sulfate reduction does or does not occur in parallel with denitrification. The onset of sulfate reduction occurs only when the nitrate concentration at the fiber's outer surface is low enough so that the growth rate of the denitrifying bacteria is equal to that of the sulfate‐reducing bacteria. An example shows how to use the model to design an MBfR that achieves satisfactory nitrate reduction, but suppresses sulfate reduction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 763–772. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

c-src在大鼠卵巢中的表达及其在原始卵泡生长启动中的作用初探

目的：研究原癌基因c-src在大鼠卵巢的表达,及其在原始卵泡启动过程中的作用。方法：取2日龄SD雌性大鼠卵巢,在Waymouth培养体系中培养0．4、8d后,首先采用RT-PCR方法证实大鼠卵巢中有c-src的表达,再体外合成其RNA小干扰片段（small interference RNA,siRNA）转染培养中的卵巢组织进行RNA干扰,用HE染色及RT-PCR筛选最佳干扰片断并用慢病毒包装后检测干扰效果。结果：随着培养天数的增加,原始卵泡在卵泡总数中所占比例逐渐减少;c—src mRNA在原始卵泡中有表达,经筛选用最佳干扰片断siRNA1慢病毒包装进行RNA干扰,发现干扰后,与空白组、空白载体组相比,最佳干扰组c—src mRNA含量明显下降,原始卵泡在卵泡总数中所占比例相对更多,原始卵泡发育受到抑制。结论：c-src在原始卵泡中有表达,并在一定程度上促进了原始卵泡的发育。     

An Excitatory Neural Assembly Encodes Short-Term Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex

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2019环境生物技术专刊序言

环境生物技术,作为一门由现代生物技术与环境工程相结合的新兴交叉学科,已经在环境污染治理、环境监测中得到了广泛的应用,环境友好、高效地处理有机及无机污染,同时变废为宝生产高值化合物为从根本上解决环境问题提供了希望与支持。本专刊报道了环境生物技术在多环芳烃、抗生素、石油基塑料等环境污染物降解领域的基础与应用研究,介绍了吲哚、微生物铁载体等分子在生物修复中的应用,为全面认识环境污染现状、深入开展环境生物技术研究并制定综合治理策略等提供参考。     

Pedigree‐based analysis of derivation of genome segments of an elite rice reveals key regions during its breeding

Analyses of genome variations with high‐throughput assays have improved our understanding of genetic basis of crop domestication and identified the selected genome regions, but little is known about that of modern breeding, which has limited the usefulness of massive elite cultivars in further breeding. Here we deploy pedigree‐based analysis of an elite rice, Huanghuazhan, to exploit key genome regions during its breeding. The cultivars in the pedigree were resequenced with 7.6× depth on average, and 2.1 million high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained. Tracing the derivation of genome blocks with pedigree and information on SNPs revealed the chromosomal recombination during breeding, which showed that 26.22% of Huanghuazhan genome are strictly conserved key regions. These major effect regions were further supported by a QTL mapping of 260 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of Huanghuazhan and a very dissimilar cultivar, Shuanggui 36, and by the genome profile of eight cultivars and 36 elite lines derived from Huanghuazhan. Hitting these regions with the cloned genes revealed they include numbers of key genes, which were then applied to demonstrate how Huanghuazhan were bred after 30 years of effort and to dissect the deficiency of artificial selection. We concluded the regions are helpful to the further breeding based on this pedigree and performing breeding by design. Our study provides genetic dissection of modern rice breeding and sheds new light on how to perform genomewide breeding by design.     

宫腔镜下甲氨蝶呤注入输卵管保守治疗非破裂型输卵管妊娠的疗效观察

目的探讨宫腔镜下甲氨蝶呤注入输卵管保守治疗非破裂型输卵管妊娠的临床疗效。方法对34例确诊为非破裂型输卵管妊娠,且包块直径≤4 cm,血β-HCG〈2 000 IU,无腹腔积液的病例,行宫腔镜下将MTX 40 mg注入输卵管;动态观察患者血HCG变化,定期复查彩超,观察包块变化情况。结果32例治愈,治愈率94.12%。其中有1例疗程结束后1周复查血β-HCG〉1000 u/L,追加用药后成功;失败2例,均因治疗期间腹痛加剧出现内出血征象而转行手术治疗,内出血分别为700 ml、480 ml,转腹腔镜手术,恢复良好。结论宫腔镜下甲氨蝶呤注入输卵管保守治疗非破裂型输卵管妊娠具有损伤小、避免开腹手术等优点,值得临床推广。