全文获取类型
收费全文 | 355篇 |
免费 | 32篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 23篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 19篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 20篇 |
2006年 | 27篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 27篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有388条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
81.
82.
Summary Two previously purified esterases of Trichoderma reesei were used to study the deacetylation of polymeric, oligomeric and dimeric acetylated xylan fragments. For the first time nearly complete enzymatic deacetylation of polymeric xylan with purified acetyl xylan esterase was demonstrated, resulting in precipitation of the remaining polymer structure. The esterases had very different substrate specifities, one having a preference for high molecular weight substrates and the other showing high activity only towards acetyl xylobiose. The latter enzyme was also regioselective, cleaving off the acetyl substituent only from the C-3 position of the xylopyranose ring. The highest xylose yield from acetylated xylan was obtained by the synergistic action of xylanase, \-xylosidase and acetyl xylan esterase.
Offprint requests to: M. Sundberg 相似文献
83.
Coenzyme A is involved in a number of important metabolic pathways. Recently the structures of several coenzyme A binding proteins have been determined. We compare in some detail the structures of seven different coenzyme A protein complexes. These seven proteins all have distinctly different folds. 相似文献
84.
A Series of Pyrene‐Substituted Silicon Phthalocyanines as Near‐IR Sensitizers in Organic Ternary Solar Cells
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Liver Transplantation》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Lili Ke Jie Min Matthias Adam Nicola Gasparini Yi Hou J. Darío Perea Wei Chen Hong Zhang Stefanie Fladischer Anna‐Chiara Sale Erdmann Spiecker Rik R. Tykwinski Christoph J. Brabec Tayebeh Ameri 《Liver Transplantation》2016,6(7)
An attractive method to broaden the absorption bandwidth of polymer/fullerene‐based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells is to blend near infrared (near‐IR) sensitizers into the host system. Axial substitution of silicon phthalocyanines (Pcs) opens a possibility to modify the chemical, thermodynamic, electronic, and optical properties. Different axial substitutions are already designed to modify the thermodynamic properties of Pcs, but the impact of extending the π‐conjugation of the axial ligand on the opto‐electronic properties, as a function of the length of the alkyl spacer, has not been investigated yet. For this purpose, a novel series of pyrene‐substituted silicon phthalocyanines (SiPc‐Pys) with varying lengths of alkyl chain tethers are synthesized. The UV–vis and external quantum efficiency (EQE) results exhibit an efficient near IR sensitization up to 800 nm, clearly establishing the impact of the pyrene substitution. This yields an increase of over 20% in the short circuit current density (J SC) and over 50% in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the dye‐sensitized ternary device. Charge generation, transport properties, and microstructure are studied using different advanced technologies. Remarkably, these results provide guidance for the diverse and judicious selection of dye sensitizers to overcome the absorption limitation and achieve high efficiency ternary solar cells. 相似文献
85.
86.
Isolation and characterization of a fruit-specific cDNA and the corresponding genomic clone from tomato 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Julie R. Pear Neal Ridge Rik Rasmusgen Ronald E. Rose Catherine M. Houck 《Plant molecular biology》1989,13(6):639-651
Differential screening of a cDNA bank constructed from ripe tomato fruit mRNA allowed the isolation of cDNA clone 2A11 which is entirely fruit-specific, is expressed at steadily increasing levels from anthesis to breaker, and accounts for approximately 1% of the messenger RNA in mature tomato fruit. A genomic clone corresponding to the 2A11 cDNA was isolated from a tomato genomic library. Sequence comparison of the cDNA clone with the genomic clone shows they are identical over the shared region with the genomic clone possessing a single large intron near the 5 end of the message.The open reading frame of 2A11 would encode a sulfur-rich polypeptide 96 amino acids in length. The identity of the putative protein is unknown. In situ hybridization shows that the 2A11 message is found throughout the pericarp cells in a tomato fruit. In contrast, in situ hybridization of early ripening stages with a polygalacturonase probe shows higher mRNA levels in cells of the outer pericarp and cells surrounding the vascular regions of the pericarp. 相似文献
87.
Rik Van Bogaert Kristof Haneca Jan Hoogesteger Christer Jonasson Morgan De Dapper Terry V. Callaghan 《Journal of Biogeography》2011,38(5):907-921
Aim Models project that climate warming will cause the tree line to move to higher elevations in alpine areas and more northerly latitudes in Arctic environments. We aimed to document changes or stability of the tree line in a sub‐Arctic model area at different temporal and spatial scales, and particularly to clarify the ambiguity that currently exists about tree line dynamics and their causes. Location The study was conducted in the Torneträsk area in northern Sweden where climate warmed by 2.5 °C between 1913 and 2006. Mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) sets the alpine tree line. Methods We used repeat photography, dendrochronological analysis, field observations along elevational transects and historical documents to study tree line dynamics. Results Since 1912, only four out of eight tree line sites had advanced: on average the tree line had shifted 24 m upslope (+0.2 m year?1 assuming linear shifts). Maximum tree line advance was +145 m (+1.5 m year?1 in elevation and +2.7 m year?1 in actual distance), whereas maximum retreat was 120 m downslope. Counter‐intuitively, tree line advance was most pronounced during the cooler late 1960s and 1970s. Tree establishment and tree line advance were significantly correlated with periods of low reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) population numbers. A decreased anthropozoogenic impact since the early 20th century was found to be the main factor shaping the current tree line ecotone and its dynamics. In addition, episodic disturbances by moth outbreaks and geomorphological processes resulted in descent and long‐term stability of the tree line position, respectively. Main conclusions In contrast to what is generally stated in the literature, this study shows that in a period of climate warming, disturbance may not only determine when tree line advance will occur but if tree line advance will occur at all. In the case of non‐climatic climax tree lines, such as those in our study area, both climate‐driven model projections of future tree line positions and the use of the tree line position for bioclimatic monitoring should be used with caution. 相似文献
88.
Sarah-Ann Aelvoet Jesus Pascual-Brazo Sarah Libbrecht Veerle Reumers Rik Gijsbers Chris Van den Haute Veerle Baekelandt 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Newborn neurons are generated throughout life in two neurogenic regions, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Stimulation of adult neurogenesis is considered as an attractive endogenous repair mechanism to treat different neurological disorders. Although tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, important questions remain unanswered, regarding the identity and the behavior of neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus. We previously showed that conditional Cre-Flex lentiviral vectors can be used to label neural stem cells in the subventricular zone and to track the migration of their progeny with non-invasive bioluminescence imaging. Here, we applied these Cre-Flex lentiviral vectors to study neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus with bioluminescence imaging and histological techniques. Stereotactic injection of the Cre-Flex vectors into the dentate gyrus of transgenic Nestin-Cre mice resulted in specific labeling of the nestin-positive neural stem cells. The labeled cell population could be detected with bioluminescence imaging until 9 months post injection, but no significant increase in the number of labeled cells over time was observed with this imaging technique. Nevertheless, the specific labeling of the nestin-positive neural stem cells, combined with histological analysis at different time points, allowed detailed analysis of their neurogenic potential. This long-term fate mapping revealed that a stable pool of labeled nestin-positive neural stem cells continuously contributes to the generation of newborn neurons in the mouse brain until 9 months post injection. In conclusion, the Cre-Flex technology is a valuable tool to address remaining questions regarding neural stem cell identity and behavior in the dentate gyrus. 相似文献
89.