A simple automatic dispensing apparatus

A simple dispenser using a 2-ml disposable syringe is described. The range of operation is 0.02–1.5 ml and an unusual accuracy is obtained by employing a new principle for dispensers: the dispensed volume is only a fraction of total tidal flow of fluid in the dispenser.     

Role of the serotoninergic raphe-hippocampus system for the antinocifensive effect of morphine

As revealed in earlier studies, the antinocifensive effect of morphine is brought about, among other things, with involvement of serotoninergic transmission mechanisms. In this context the role of the serotoninergic raphe-hippocampus system has been studied in this paper. Topical microinjections of serotonin into the dorsal hippocampus increased morphine analgesia in a dose-dependent fashion, while application into the striatum had no effect. Morphine injections into the median raphe nucleus in relatively low doses exert an antinocifensive effect which is inhibitable by methysergide. Lysergic acid diethylamide administered into the median raphe nucleus also abolished the effect of morphine in a dose-dependent manner. The results in connection with literature data lend support to the presumed integrative function of the serotoninergic raphe-hippocampus system in the mechanism of antinocifensive action of morphine.     

Culture conflict and coping in a group of aboriginal adolescents

Critical incidents adapted to presentation in picture form were used to investigate responses of Aboriginal adolescents from Elcho Island mission in the Northern Territory of Australia in conflict situations arising from culture contact. These Aboriginal youths are part of a complex environment where choice behaviour is mediated by specific and broader situational characteristics of the social environment. Results showed a relationship between conflict responses and orientation to traditional values and skills, but no apparent relationship between conflict responses and modern value orientation or psychopathology variables. Adolescents who attended high school in Darwin were seen as more mission and academically oriented than locally educated youth. Contrary to expected patterns, males appeared to be less involved in both mission and traditional activities and more restricted by traditional social expectations than were females.     

Neoplastic cell transformation by heavy ions

We have studied the induction of morphological transformation by heavy ions. Golden hamster embryo cells were irradiated with 95 MeV 14N ions (530 keV/microns), 22 MeV 4He ions (36 keV/microns), and 22 MeV 4He ions with a 100-microns Al absorber (77 keV/microns) which were generated by a cyclotron at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research in Japan. Colonies were considered to contain neoplastically transformed cells when the cells were densely stacked and made a crisscross pattern. It was shown that the induction of transformation was much more effective with 14N and 4He ions than with gamma or X rays. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) relative to 60Co gamma rays was 3.3 for 14N ions, 2.4 for 4He ions, and 3.3 for 4He ions with a 100-microns Al absorber. The relationship between RBE and linear energy transfer was qualitatively similar for both cell death and transformation.     

Inhibition of IAA-induced elongation in Avena coleoptile segments by lead: a physiological and an electron microscopic study.

A high resolution growth measuring apparatus was used to demonstrate the inhibition of auxin-induced cell elongation in oat coleoptile segments (Avena sativa L. var Holden) by lead at concentrations ranging from 2 x 10-6 M to 2 x 10-3 M. The inhibition was immediate, having no measurable lag period. Electron micrographs of lead-treated and control segments revealed that in the treated material, lead became localized as electron-dense granules in the cell walls and in vesicles associated with dictyosomes. These granules were found to be lead hydroxide phosphate by electron diffraction techniques. The possible significance of this localization and identification with regard to phosphatase activity is discussed.