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991.
Many prostate cancers relapse due to the generation of chemoresistance rendering first-line treatment drugs like paclitaxel (PTX) ineffective. The present study aims to determine the role of miRNAs and Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in chemoresistant prostate cancer and to evaluate the combination therapy using Hh inhibitor cyclopamine (CYA). Studies were conducted on PTX resistant DU145-TXR and PC3-TXR cell lines and clinical prostate tissues. Drug sensitivity and apoptosis assays showed significantly improved cytotoxicity with combination of PTX and CYA. To distinguish the presence of cancer stem cell like side populations (SP), Hoechst 33342 flow cytometry method was used. PTX resistant DU145 and PC3 cells, as well as human prostate cancer tissue possess a distinct SP fraction. Nearly 75% of the SP cells are in the G0/G1 phase compared to 62% for non-SP cells and have higher expression of stem cell markers as well. SP cell fraction was increased following PTX monotherapy and treatment with CYA or CYA plus PTX effectively reduced their numbers suggesting the effectiveness of combination therapy. SP fraction cells were allowed to differentiate and reanalyzed by Hoechst staining and gene expression analysis. Post differentiation, SP cells constitute 15.8% of total viable cells which decreases to 0.6% on treatment with CYA. The expression levels of P-gp efflux protein were also significantly decreased on treatment with PTX and CYA combination. MicroRNA profiling of DU145-TXR and PC3-TXR cells and prostate cancer tissue from the patients showed decreased expression of tumor suppressor miRNAs such as miR34a and miR200c. Treatment with PTX and CYA combination restored the expression of miR200c and 34a, confirming their role in modulating chemoresistance. We have shown that supplementing mitotic stabilizer drugs such as PTX with Hh-inhibitor CYA can reverse PTX chemoresistance and eliminate SP fraction in androgen independent, metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. 相似文献
992.
Mohammad Akhoundi Rounak Bakhtiari Thomas Guillard Ahmad Baghaei Reza Tolouei Denis Sereno Dominique Toubas Jér?me Depaquit Mehdi Razzaghi Abyaneh 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
Background
Phlebotomine sand flies are the vectors of the leishmaniases, parasitic diseases caused by Leishmania spp. Little is known about the prevalence and diversity of sand fly microflora colonizing the midgut or the cuticle. Particularly, there is little information on the fungal diversity. This information is important for development of vector control strategies.Methodology/Principal Findings
Five sand fly species: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. sergenti, P. kandelakii, P. perfiliewi and P. halepensis were caught in Bileh Savar and Kaleybar in North-Western Iran that are located in endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis. A total of 35 specimens were processed. Bacterial and fungal strains were identified by routine microbiological methods. We characterized 39 fungal isolates from the cuticle and/or the midgut. They belong to six different genera including Penicillium (17 isolates), Aspergillus (14), Acremonium (5), Fusarium (1), Geotrichum (1) and Candida (1). We identified 33 Gram-negative bacteria: Serratia marcescens (9 isolates), Enterobacter cloacae (6), Pseudomonas fluorescens (6), Klebsiella ozaenae (4), Acinetobacter sp. (3), Escherichia coli (3), Asaia sp. (1) and Pantoea sp. (1) as well as Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (5) and Micrococcus luteus (5) in 10 isolates.Conclusion/Significance
Our study provides new data on the microbiotic diversity of field-collected sand flies and for the first time, evidence of the presence of Asaia sp. in sand flies. We have also found a link between physiological stages (unfed, fresh fed, semi gravid and gravid) of sand flies and number of bacteria that they carry. Interestingly Pantoea sp. and Klebsiella ozaenae have been isolated in Old World sand fly species. The presence of latter species on sand fly cuticle and in the female midgut suggests a role for this arthropod in dissemination of these pathogenic bacteria in endemic areas. Further experiments are required to clearly delineate the vectorial role (passive or active) of sand flies. 相似文献993.
A new species of tooth-carp, Aphanius arakensissp. n., is described from the Namak Lake basin in Iran. The new species is distinguished by the congeners distributed in Iran by the following combination of characters: 10-12 anal fin rays, 28-32 lateral line scales, 10-13 caudal peduncle scales, 8-10 gill rakers, 12-19, commonly 15-16, clearly defined flank bars in males, a more prominent pigmentation along the flank added by relatively big blotches in the middle and posterior flank segments in females, a short but high antirostrum of the otolith that has a wide excisura, and a ventral rim with some small, drop-like processes, and 19 molecular apomorphies (17 transitions, two transversions) in the cytochrome b gene. It was suggested based on the phylogenetic analysis that the new species is sister to Aphanius sophiae from the Kor River and that Aphanius farsicus from the Maharlu Lake basin is sister to Aphanius arakensis plus Aphanius sophiae. A noticeable feature of the Aphanius diversity in Iran is the conservatism of the external morphology as well as morphometric and meristic characters, while distinctive differences are present in genetic characters, otolith morphology, and male color pattern. Transformation of the latter was probably driven by sexual selection. 相似文献
994.
The frequency and distribution of thiopurine S-methyltransferase alleles in south Iranian population
Moini M Ghaderi F Sagheb MM Tavasolli AR Azarpira N Darai M Geramizadeh B 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(4):4581-4587
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine,
and azathiopurine. Variability in TPMT activity is mainly due to genetic polymorphism. The frequency of the four allelic variants
of the TPMT gene, TPMT*2 (G238C), TPMT*3A (G460A and A719G), TPMT*3B (G460A) and TPMT*3C (A719G) were determined in an Iranian
population from south of Iran (n = 500), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP and allele-specific PCR-based assays. Four hundred seventy four persons
(94.8%) were homozygous for the wild type allele (TPMT*1/*1) and twenty five people were TPMT*1/*3C (5%). One patient was found to be heterozygous in terms TPMT*1 and *2 alleles
with genotype of TPMT*1/*2 (0.2%). None of the participants had both defective alleles. The TPMT*3C and *2 were the only variant
alleles observed in this population. The total frequency of variant alleles was 2.6% and the wild type allele frequency was
97.4%. The TPMT*3B and *3A alleles were not detected. Distributions of TPMT genotype and allele frequency in Iranian populations
are different from the genetic profile found among Caucasian or Asian populations. Our findings also revealed inter-ethnic
differences in TPMT frequencies between different parts of Iran. This view may help clinicians to choose an appropriate strategy
for thiopurine drugs and reduce adverse drug reactions such as bone marrow suppression. 相似文献
995.
Rahimi Z Ahmadian Z Akramipour R Vaisi-Raygani A Rahimi Z Parsian A 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(3):2195-2200
In order to determine the influence of polymorphism in thymidylate synthase (TS 28-bp repeat) and methionine synthase (MS
A2756G) genes on the susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 73 children with ALL and 128 age and sex matched
unrelated healthy individuals from the Kermanshah Province of Iran were screened. The genotyping of TS 28-bp repeat and MS
A2756G polymorphisms were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR–RFLP, respectively. The frequency of TS 2R
allele in patients and controls were 41.5 and 38%, respectively (Odds ratios (OR) = 1.13, 95%CI 0.73–1.74, P = 0.56). The allelic frequency of G allele of MS was higher (25%) in patients compared with healthy subjects (23%) (OR = 1.09,
95%CI 0.67–1.75, P = 0.71). Considering MS AA and TS 3R3R genotypes as reference indicated that individuals with MS GG + TS 2R2R genotypes have
1.3-fold increase in the risk of ALL (OR = 1.3, 95%CI 0.6–2.7, P = 0.5). Our results showed that neither TS 28-bp repeat nor MS A2756G polymorphisms are risk factors for susceptibility to
ALL in Western Iran. 相似文献
996.
Othman H Gholampour AR Saadat I Farvardin-Jahromoi M Saadat M 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(3):3299-3303
The aim of this study is to understand the multifactorial causes of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), and, therefore,
it is reasonable to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) contribute to the development of ARMD. This study consisted of 112 subjects (44 females, 68 males) with exudative ARMD,
who were recruited from Khalili Hospital ophthalmic clinic in Shiraz (southern Iran), referred by vitreoretinal surgeon. Also
112 sex-matched controls (44 females, 68 males) were randomly selected from unrelated volunteers in the same clinic. We excluded
patients and controls with cataract or past history of cataract surgery, asthma, past history of malignancy, cardiovascular
disease that on medication and known cases of glaucoma, because these traits were associated with GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 polymorphisms. There was no association between polymorphisms of neither GSTM1 nor GSTT1 and risk of ARMD. The combination genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were not associated with the risk of ARMD. We considered the time of deterioration of vision as the time of onset of exudative
ARMD. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that there was significant difference between genotypes of GSTM1 (log rank statistic = 7.03, df = 1, P = 0.008). The age at onset among GSTM1 null genotype was lower than the active genotype of GSTM1. Our results support the hypothesis that the protein encoded by the GSTM1 gene might have a protective function against oxidative stress in retina. Since the age at onset is influenced by the GSTM1 polymorphism, this implies that GSTM1 is a modifier gene. 相似文献
997.
Two cases of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum vanbreuseghemii are reported. A 7-year-old boy and his brother were examined for tinea capitis. Hair samples and skin scrapings were collected from each patient to microscopy and culture. Direct microscopic examination of the hairs using lactophenol revealed an ectothrix invasion. Cultures inoculated with portions of clinical material yielded M. vanbreuseghemii after 2?weeks. The identification of the fungi were based on colony morphology on mycobiotic agar, microscopic characteristic on slide cultures, biochemical reactions and hair perforation tests. 相似文献
998.
Hamid Reza Karimi Mahbubeh Hajizadeh Hossin Abadi Azam Maleki Kohbanani 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2012,298(5):963-968
The aim of this research was to study the genetic diversity of Pistacia khinjuk Stocks. and also to reveal the genetic relationships. Leaf morphological characters of 16 genotypes together with Randomly
Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker data were used for this purpose. Leaf morphological characters were used for factor
analysis, which determined four main factors. Grouping of genotypes by these factors was performed by Ward’s method. Fifteen
primers produced a total of 146 fragments, with an average of 9.73 fragments per primer, of which 129 were polymorphic. The
unweighted pair group method based on arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis was performed on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient
matrix. According to RAPD data, genotypes were separated into three groups. The first contained the genotypes with round leaflets.
Genotypes with three lanceolate leaflets were located in the second and third groups, respectively. This study revealed that
high diversity exists among genotypes of P. khinjuk, like in P. vera. Also it could be postulated that genotypes of P. khinjuk with oblique and lanceolate leaflets are probably descendents of the genotypes with acuminate and roundish leaflets. 相似文献
999.
Sheikhzadeh N Panchah IK Asadpour R Tayefi-Nasrabadi H Mahmoudi H 《Animal reproduction science》2012,130(1-2):119-123
The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary Haematococcus pluvialis (H.p) on reproductive performance in female rainbow trout and egg quality in terms of antioxidant system and biochemical parameters. 60 rainbow trout (2475.5 ± 64.4 g) were randomly assigned to 2 groups in triplicates and fed diet containing 3 g H.p kg(-1) feed equivalent to 30 mg astaxanthin kg(-1) die or control diet for 30 days. On days 20 and 30 during feeding trial, mature fish were weighed and sampled for stripping. Results indicated that supplementation of H.p did not improve total egg weight, egg number per gram and fecundity. There were few changes in triglyceride and total protein content in fish eggs. Level of glucose decreased markedly on day 30 while on day 20 of feeding trial, a non-significant decrease was shown in treatment group. On day 20, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicating lipid peroxidation product significantly decreased in eggs of the treatment group. The activities of enzymes of the antioxidant system did not change during this study, even though slight increase in glutathione peroxidase in treatment group was revealed during this study. In conclusion, this study showed that female rainbow trout appear to benefit from inclusion of H.p in diet during their reproductive stages in terms of improved egg quality. 相似文献
1000.
Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on porcine oocyte maturation and parthenogenetic embryonic development in vitro 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) is an important regulator of a subset of genes active during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In the present study, we analyzed XBP1 level and location to explore the effect of ER stress on oocyte maturation and developmental competency of porcine embryos in an in vitro culture system. First, we examined the localization of XBP1 at different meiotic stages of porcine oocytes and at early stages of parthenogenetic embryo development. Fluorescence staining showed that expression of functional XBP1 was weak in mature oocytes and at the 1-, 2-, and 8-cell stages of embryos but abundant at the germinal vesicle (GV), 4-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages. In addition, RT-PCR revealed that both spliced XBP1 (XBP1-s) and unspliced XBP1 (XBP1-u) were expressed at the GV, 4-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages. Tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer, induced active XBP1 protein in nuclei of 4-cell embryos. Next, porcine embryos cultured in the presence of tauroursodeoxycholate, an ER stress inhibitor, were studied. Total cell numbers and the extent of the inner cell mass increased (P < 0.05), whereas the rate of nuclear apoptosis decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, expression of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2 increased, whereas expression of the proapoptotic genes BCL2L1 (Bcl-xl) and TP53 decreased. The results indicated that inhibition of ER stress enhanced porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development by preventing ER stress-mediated apoptosis in vitro. 相似文献