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121.
Sergio Arrabal Miguel Angel Lucena Miren Josune Canduela Almudena Ramos-Uriarte Patricia Rivera Antonia Serrano Francisco Javier Pavón Juan Decara Antonio Vargas Elena Baixeras Mercedes Martín-Rufián Javier Márquez Pedro Fernández-Llébrez Baukje De Roos Pedro Grandes Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca Juan Suárez 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors peripherally modulate energy metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of CB1 receptors in the expression of glucose/pyruvate/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolism in rat abdominal muscle. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), a flavoprotein component (E3) of α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes with diaphorase activity in mitochondria, was specifically analyzed. After assessing the effectiveness of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (3 mg kg-1, 14 days) on food intake and body weight, we could identified seven key enzymes from either glycolytic pathway or TCA cycle—regulated by both diet and CB1 receptor activity—through comprehensive proteomic approaches involving two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/LC-ESI trap mass spectrometry. These enzymes were glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), enolase (Eno3), lactate dehydrogenase (LDHa), glyoxalase-1 (Glo1) and the mitochondrial DLD, whose expressions were modified by AM251 in hypercaloric diet-induced obesity. Specifically, AM251 blocked high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced expression of GPI, TPI, Eno3 and LDHa, suggesting a down-regulation of glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways under glucose availability. AM251 reversed the HCD-inhibited expression of Glo1 and DLD in the muscle, and the DLD and CB1 receptor expression in the mitochondrial fraction. Interestingly, we identified the presence of CB1 receptors at the membrane of striate muscle mitochondria. DLD over-expression was confirmed in muscle of CB
1
-/- mice. AM251 increased the pyruvate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activity in C2C12 myotubes, and the diaphorase/oxidative activity in the mitochondria fraction. These results indicated an up-regulation of methylglyoxal and TCA cycle activity. Findings suggest that CB1 receptors in muscle modulate glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways and mitochondrial oxidative activity by targeting DLD. 相似文献
122.
Adriana Echazú Daniela Bonanno Marisa Juarez Silvana P. Cajal Viviana Heredia Silvia Caropresi Ruben O. Cimino Nicolas Caro Paola A. Vargas Gladys Paredes Alejandro J. Krolewiecki 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(9)
BackgroundSoil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are a public health problem in resource-limited settings worldwide. Chronic STH infection impairs optimum learning and productivity, contributing to the perpetuation of the poverty-disease cycle. Regular massive drug administration (MDA) is the cardinal recommendation for its control; along with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions. The impact of joint WASH interventions on STH infections has been reported; studies on the independent effect of WASH components are needed to contribute with the improvement of current recommendations for the control of STH. The aim of this study is to assess the association of lacking access to water and sanitation with STH infections, taking into account the differences in route of infection among species and the availability of adequate water and sanitation at home.ConclusionsLack of safe water and proper sanitation pose a risk of STH infections that is distinct according to the route of entry to the human host used by each of the STH species. Interventions aimed to improve water and sanitation access should be highlighted in the recommendations for the control of STH. 相似文献
123.
Selene Báez Agustina Malizia Julieta Carilla Cecilia Blundo Manuel Aguilar Nikolay Aguirre Zhofre Aquirre Esteban álvarez Francisco Cuesta álvaro Duque William Farfán-Ríos Karina García-Cabrera Ricardo Grau Jürgen Homeier Reynaldo Linares-Palomino Lucio R. Malizia Omar Melo Cruz Oriana Osinaga Oliver L. Phillips Carlos Reynel Miles R. Silman Kenneth J. Feeley 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
General patterns of forest dynamics and productivity in the Andes Mountains are poorly characterized. Here we present the first large-scale study of Andean forest dynamics using a set of 63 permanent forest plots assembled over the past two decades. In the North-Central Andes tree turnover (mortality and recruitment) and tree growth declined with increasing elevation and decreasing temperature. In addition, basal area increased in Lower Montane Moist Forests but did not change in Higher Montane Humid Forests. However, at higher elevations the lack of net basal area change and excess of mortality over recruitment suggests negative environmental impacts. In North-Western Argentina, forest dynamics appear to be influenced by land use history in addition to environmental variation. Taken together, our results indicate that combinations of abiotic and biotic factors that vary across elevation gradients are important determinants of tree turnover and productivity in the Andes. More extensive and longer-term monitoring and analyses of forest dynamics in permanent plots will be necessary to understand how demographic processes and woody biomass are responding to changing environmental conditions along elevation gradients through this century. 相似文献
124.
Carolina G. Fernandes Guilhian Leipnitz Bianca Seminotti Alexandre U. Amaral Ângela Zanatta Carmen R. Vargas Carlos S. Dutra Filho Moacir Wajner 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2010,30(2):317-326
High levels of phenylalanine (Phe) are the biochemical hallmark of phenylketonuria (PKU), a neurometabolic disorder clinically
characterized by severe mental retardation and other brain abnormalities, including cortical atrophy and microcephaly. Considering
that the pathomechanisms leading to brain damage and particularly the marked cognitive impairment in this disease are poorly
understood, in the present study we investigated the in vitro effect of Phe, at similar concentrations as to those found in
brain of PKU patients, on important parameters of oxidative stress in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of developing rats.
We found that Phe induced in vitro lipid peroxidation (increase of TBA-RS values) and protein oxidative damage (sulfhydryl
oxidation) in both cerebral structures. Furthermore, these effects were probably mediated by reactive oxygen species, since
the lipid oxidative damage was totally prevented by the free radical scavengers α-tocopherol and melatonin, but not by L-NAME,
a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Accordingly, Phe did not induce nitric oxide synthesis, but significantly decreased
the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), the major brain antioxidant defense, in hippocampus and cerebral cortex supernatants.
Phe also reduced the thiol groups of a commercial GSH solution in a cell-free medium. We also found that the major metabolites
of Phe catabolism, phenylpyruvate, phenyllactate and phenylacetate also increased TBA-RS levels in cerebral cortex, but to
a lesser degree. The data indicate that Phe elicits oxidative stress in the hippocampus, a structure mainly involved with
learning/memory, and also in the cerebral cortex, which is severely damaged in PKU patients. It is therefore presumed that
this pathomechanism may be involved at least in part in the severe cognitive deficit and in the characteristic cortical atrophy
associated with dysmyelination and leukodystrophy observed in this disorder. 相似文献
125.
126.
Prospero Di Pierro Loredana Mariniello Angela Sorrentino Reynaldo Villalonga Belkis Chico Raffaele Porta 《Amino acids》2010,38(2):669-675
Putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) was covalently linked to alginate and low-methoxyl pectin to synthesize new aminated polysaccharides.
Both putrescine–pectin and –alginate conjugates, although the latter at higher concentrations, were found to be able to act
as effective acyl acceptor transglutaminase substrates in vitro using both dimethylated casein and soy flour proteins as acyl
donors. Monodansylcadaverine, a well known acyl acceptor transglutaminase substrate, dose-dependently counteracted the covalent
binding of the aminated polysaccharides to the proteins. Putrescine–pectin conjugate was also tested to prepare, in combination
with soy flour proteins, edible films in the presence of purified microbial transglutaminase. Characterization of the enzymatically
crosslinked films showed a significant decreased water vapor permeability, with respect to the ones obtained with non-aminated
pectin in the presence of transglutaminase, as well as improved mechanical properties, such as high extensibility. Possible
biotechnological applications of hydrocolloid films containing putrescine–polysaccharide derivatives enzymatically crosslinked
to proteins were suggested. 相似文献
127.
128.
E. C. Reis L. S. Soares S. M. Vargas F. R. Santos R. J. Young K. A. Bjorndal A. B. Bolten G. Lôbo-Hajdu 《Conservation Genetics》2010,11(4):1467-1477
The loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, is the most common species of sea turtle nesting in Brazil and is listed as endangered by the IUCN. Our study characterizes
the genetic structure of loggerheads in Brazil based on mitochondrial DNA control region variability and presents a hypothesis
for the colonization of Brazilian rookeries. We analyzed 329 samples from Brazilian rookeries and an oceanic foraging ground,
and we compared our results with previously published data for other loggerhead populations. Brazilian rookeries had four
haplotypes, none of which have been reported for rookeries outside Brazil. Six haplotypes were found in the foraging aggregation.
The presence of the CC-A4 haplotype at all sampled sites and the low nucleotide diversity suggest a common origin for all
rookeries, with CC-A4 being the ancestral haplotype of the Brazilian populations. The occurrence of three haplotypes in the
foraging aggregation that are known only from rookeries outside of Brazil is consistent with the transoceanic migratory behavior
of loggerheads. Our results indicated that the colonization of Brazilian rookeries probably occurred from the southern USA
stock. This recent colonization most likely followed a north to south route along the Brazilian coastline, influenced by the
Brazilian warm current. Our results further suggest the existence of two genetic population units of loggerheads in Brazil
and corroborate natal homing behavior in loggerheads. 相似文献
129.
130.
? Premise of the study: The use of continuous morphological characters in taxonomy is traditionally contingent on the existence of discrete diagnostic characters. When plant species are the result of recent divergence and gene flow and/or hybridization occur, the use of continuous morphological characters may help in species identification and delimitation. Between nine and 15 species have been recognized in the last treatments of Hedera. The recent divergence of the species and the involvement of allopolyploidization as the main force in this process may have greatly impeded the establishment of clear limits and contributed to multiple taxonomic proposals. ? Methods: A multivariate statistical decision-making procedure was applied to 56 quantitative morphological characters and 602 specimens to identify and delimit Hedera species under the general lineage concept. Species' exclusive genetic ancestry was evaluated with the genealogical sorting index from the Bayesian inference trees of 30 Hedera ITS sequences. ? Key results: The decision-making procedure allowed recognizing 12 species and two groups (stellate and scale-like trichome groups) in Hedera and provided statistical support for making decisions about long-standing taxonomic controversies. Common ancestry was detected for the populations of three species even in the absence of the species monophyly. ? Conclusions: Quantitative variation supports discrete variation and provides statistical support for the taxa recognized in some recent proposals of Hedera. The need of explicit analysis of quantitative data are claimed to reduce taxonomic subjectivity and ease decision-making when qualitative data fail. 相似文献