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81.
Salani B Repetto S Cordera R Maggi D 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,335(3):832-835
Insulin stimulates caveolin-1 and eNOS phosphorylation. The sulfonylurea glimepiride mimics several insulin actions by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Glimepiride induces caveolin-1 phosphorylation and activates PI3K and Akt in rat adipocytes. In this paper, we investigated the effect of glimepiride on eNOS activation in human endothelial cells. We found that glimepiride induces caveolin-1 and eNOS phosphorylation. To better understand the role of caveolin-1 in glimepiride action, we downregulated caveolin-1 expression by specific siRNA transfection. Caveolin-1 silencing did not change eNOS and Akt phosphorylation induced by glimepiride. On the contrary, LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor, blocked eNOS serine 1177 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that glimepiride induces eNOS phosphorylation in endothelial cells through an Akt-dependent mechanism, not regulated by caveolin-1. 相似文献
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Single‐cell profiling screen identifies microtubule‐dependent reduction of variability in signaling
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C Gustavo Pesce Stefan Zdraljevic William J Peria Alan Bush María Victoria Repetto Daniel Rockwell Richard C Yu Roger Brent 《Molecular systems biology》2018,14(4)
Populations of isogenic cells often respond coherently to signals, despite differences in protein abundance and cell state. Previously, we uncovered processes in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone response system (PRS) that reduced cell‐to‐cell variability in signal strength and cellular response. Here, we screened 1,141 non‐essential genes to identify 50 “variability genes”. Most had distinct, separable effects on strength and variability of the PRS, defining these quantities as genetically distinct “axes” of system behavior. Three genes affected cytoplasmic microtubule function: BIM1, GIM2, and GIM4. We used genetic and chemical perturbations to show that, without microtubules, PRS output is reduced but variability is unaffected, while, when microtubules are present but their function is perturbed, output is sometimes lowered, but its variability is always high. The increased variability caused by microtubule perturbations required the PRS MAP kinase Fus3 and a process at or upstream of Ste5, the membrane‐localized scaffold to which Fus3 must bind to be activated. Visualization of Ste5 localization dynamics demonstrated that perturbing microtubules destabilized Ste5 at the membrane signaling site. The fact that such microtubule perturbations cause aberrant fate and polarity decisions in mammals suggests that microtubule‐dependent signal stabilization might also operate throughout metazoans. 相似文献
84.
Mature grain from 31 rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars grown in the same location was analyzed for soluble sugar content to determine quantitative differences in this parameter. Cultivar variation in caryopsis sucrose content was 4-fold ranging from 15 to 59 μmol sucrose (g fresh weight)−1 . Soluble reducing sugar ranged from 7 to 15 μmol hexose (g fresh weight)−1 . Soluble sugar content was much greater in the outer part of the grain than in the endosperm. Caryopsis enzyme activities were measured in 8 cultivars having a range of grain sucrose content. No relationship between grain sucrose content of these cultivars and the level of enzymes of sucrose metabolism, glycolysis, and oxidative pentose pathway was established. Caryopsis respiration after 1 h of imbibition also was not related to the amount of soluble sugars available in the grain among these 8 cultivars. The results show that there are significant differences in the sugar-accumulating capacity of the caryopsis of different rice cultivars. The detection of a fructose 2,6-bisphosphate-sensitive, PPi : fructose 6-phosphate phosphototransferase (EC 2.7.1.90) in the endosperm suggests the presence of a regulatory mechanism for sucrose/starch partitioning established in other plant tissues. 相似文献
85.
Polymorphism and divergence at the prune locus in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The prune locus of Drosophila melanogaster lies at the tip of the X
chromosome, in a region of reduced recombination in which nearby loci show
reduced variation relative to evolutionary divergence from D. simulans. DNA
sequencing of prune alleles from D. melanogaster and D. simulans reveals
extremely low variation in D. melanogaster but greater variation in D.
simulans. Divergence between the two species is not reduced. This pattern
may be explained by either positive selection leading to hitchhiking of
neutral variation or background selection against deleterious mutations.
The pattern of silent versus replacement polymorphism and divergence at
prune is consistent with either a model of weakly deleterious selection
against amino acid substitutions or balancing selection.
相似文献
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The capture of a single specimen of the dog snapper Lutjanus jocu from the Ligurian Sea (north‐west Mediterranean Sea) in November 2005 is reported. This finding constitutes the first record of this species from the Mediterranean Sea. 相似文献
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Nicoline BM Voet Gijs Bleijenberg George W Padberg Baziel GM van Engelen Alexander CH Geurts 《BMC neurology》2010,10(1):56