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51.
ZSOLT PÉNZES GEORGE MELIKA ZOLTÁN BOZSÓKI PÉTER BIHARI ISTVÁN MIKÓ MAJID TAVAKOLI JULI PUJADE‐VILLAR BALÁZS FEHÉR DÁVID FÜLÖP KRISZTIÁN SZABÓ MIKLÓS BOZSÓ BOTOND SIPOS KÁLMÁN SOMOGYI GRAHAM N. STONE 《Systematic Entomology》2009,34(4):688-711
Several unanswered questions remain regarding the taxonomy and phylogeny of inquiline gallwasps (Cynipidae: Synergini), obligate inhabitants of plant galls induced primarily by other gallwasps (Cynipidae: Cynipini and Diplolepidini). Here we use morphological and molecular data to revise the inquiline genus Synophrus, members of which are notable for extensively modifying the structure of galls induced by oak gallwasp hosts on oaks in the section Cerris of Quercus subgenus Quercus in the Western Palaearctic. Previous taxonomic treatments have recognized three Western Palaearctic species of Synophrus: S. pilulae, S. politus and S. olivieri. Our results support the establishment of four additional Western Palaearctic species: Synophrus hungaricus sp.n. , S. libani sp.n. , S. syriacus sp.n. and S. hispanicus sp.n. We describe and diagnose these new taxa, analyse their phylogenetic relationships, and show that Synophrus inquilines are able to impose their own gall phenotypes on those of their hosts. We provide an updated key to Synophrus. 相似文献
52.
In the previous issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy, Ducourau and colleagues report that they retrospectively detected anti-infliximab antibodies in 21% of patients with rheumatic
diseases. Patients with anti-infliximab antibodies had lower serum drug concentrations. These findings contribute to the existing
evidence of immunogenicity of biologicals and its clinical relevance. We argue for therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize
treatment response. 相似文献
53.
Alexandre C Motta Joost LM Vissers Renée Gras Betty CAM Van Esch Antoon JM Van Oosterhout Martijn C Nawijn 《Respiratory research》2009,10(1):1-8
Background
Anxiety and depression are common and treatable risk factors for re-hospitalisation and death in patients with COPD. The degree of lung function impairment does not sufficiently explain anxiety and depression. The BODE index allows a functional classification of COPD beyond FEV1. The aim of this cross-sectional study was (1) to test whether the BODE index is superior to the GOLD classification for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms; and (2) to assess which components of the BODE index are associated with these psychological aspects of COPD.Methods
COPD was classified according to the GOLD stages based on FEV1%predicted in 122 stable patients with COPD. An additional four stage classification was constructed based on the quartiles of the BODE index. The hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess anxious and depressive symptoms.Results
The overall prevalence of anxious and depressive symptoms was 49% and 52%, respectively. The prevalence of anxious symptoms increased with increasing BODE stages but not with increasing GOLD stages. The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased with both increasing GOLD and BODE stages. The BODE index was superior to FEV1%predicted for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms. Anxious symptoms were explained by dyspnoea. Depressive symptoms were explained by both dyspnoea and reduced exercise capacity.Conclusion
The BODE index is superior to the GOLD classification for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms in COPD patients. These psychological consequences of the disease may play a role in future classification systems of COPD. 相似文献54.
55.
MT Butcher JW Hermanson NG Ducharme LM Mitchell LV Soderholm JE Bertram 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2009,152(1):100-114
The forelimb digital flexors of the horse display remarkable diversity in muscle architecture despite each muscle-tendon unit having a similar mechanical advantage across the fetlock joint. We focus on two distinct muscles of the digital flexor system: short compartment deep digital flexor (DDF(sc)) and the superficial digital flexor (SDF). The objectives were to investigate force-length behavior and work performance of these two muscles in vivo during locomotion, and to determine how muscle architecture contributes to in vivo function in this system. We directly recorded muscle force (via tendon strain gauges) and muscle fascicle length (via sonomicrometry crystals) as horses walked (1.7 m s(-1)), trotted (4.1 m s(-1)) and cantered (7.0 m s(-1)) on a motorized treadmill. Over the range of gaits and speeds, DDF(sc) fascicles shortened while producing relatively low force, generating modest positive net work. In contrast, SDF fascicles initially shortened, then lengthened while producing high force, resulting in substantial negative net work. These findings suggest the long fibered, unipennate DDF(sc) supplements mechanical work during running, whereas the short fibered, multipennate SDF is specialized for economical high force and enhanced elastic energy storage. Apparent in vivo functions match well with the distinct architectural features of each muscle. 相似文献
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57.
Yonekawa H; Moriwaki K; Gotoh O; Miyashita N; Matsushima Y; Shi LM; Cho WS; Zhen XL; Tagashira Y 《Molecular biology and evolution》1988,5(1):63-78
The Japanese mouse, Mus musculus molossinus, has long been considered an
independent subspecies of the house mouse. A survey of restriction- site
haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) showed that Japanese mice have two
main maternal lineages. The most common haplotype is closely related to the
mtDNA of the European subspecies M. m. musculus. The other common haplotype
and two minor ones are closely related to each other and to the mtDNA of an
Asiatic subspecies, M. m. castaneus. Two other rare variants are probably
the result of recent contamination by European M. m. domesticus. The
musculus type of mtDNA is found in the southern two-thirds of Japan,
whereas the common castaneus type is found in the northern third and the
minor variants are found sporadically throughout Japan. The castaneus mtDNA
lineage had a few minor variants, whereas the musculus lineage was
completely monomorphic. By contrast, the native population of M. m.
castaneus and the Chinese and Korean musculus populations were highly
polymorphic. These results suggest that M. m. molossinus is a hybrid
between ancestral colonies, possibly very small, of M. m. musculus and M.
m. castaneus, rather than an independent subspecies.
相似文献
58.
59.
Interferon effects on microfilament organization cellular fibronectin distribution, and cell motility in human fibroblasts 总被引:23,自引:3,他引:20
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We have shown previously (Pfeffer et al., 1979, Exp. Cell Res. 121:111-120) that treatment of human fibroblasts, planted at a density of 2x10(3) cells/cm(2), with purified human fibroblasts interferon (640 U/ml) for 3 d at 37 degrees C decreases the overall rate of cell proliferation to 35-40 percent of the control value. In the present experiments we have characterized the phenotype of interferon-inhibited fibroblasts. The mean volume of trypsinized, interferon-treated cells was increased 31 percent abover that of control cells. The interferon-treated population was much more heterogeneous than the control population with respect to volume, and there was a considerable overlap in the volume distributions of the two populations. The cell surface area was, on the average, increased 65 percent after interferon treatment. More than 80 percent of the treated cells had enlarged nuclei, many of which were lobed, and the fraction of binucleated cells was increased fivefold. After interferon treatment, over 40 percent of the cells showed large actin-containing fibers in the form of multiple parallel arrays. Fewer than 5 percent of the control cells contained such large actin fibers. The number of actin fibers of all sizes was tripled in the treated fibroblasts on a per cell basis and, calculated per unit surface area of the cells, the number was increased 82 percent. In contrast, 10-nm filaments and microtubules did not appear to be increased in number per unit surface area of the cells. The increases per cell in the abundance of these structures were directly related to increased cell size. After interferon treatment, fibronection was distributed in arrays of long filaments covering most portions of the cell surface. Interferon treatment markedly decreased the rate of cell locomotion as well as membrane ruffling and saltatory movements of intracellular granules. 相似文献
60.