STZ诱导糖尿病肾病大鼠模型的建立

目的建立糖尿病大鼠动物模型,探讨其肾脏损害规律。方法用STZ65mg/kg一次性腹腔内注射方式制作糖尿病大鼠模型,设立空白对照组,饲养14周,期间观察大鼠血糖、尿糖及一般情况变化,实验结束时测定血肌酐、尿素氮、尿蛋白、尿白蛋白排泄率,取肾作病理及超微病理检查。结果模型组大鼠出现血肌酐、尿素氮、尿蛋白、尿白蛋白明显升高,出现肾脏肥大,病理显示明显的肾小球、肾小管病变。结论STZ诱导糖尿病大鼠肾脏表现肾小球及小管间质损害,可以用作糖尿病肾病研究的动物模型。     

禽流感H5N1病毒感染BALB/c小鼠的细胞免疫动态变化

[目的]测定H5N1病毒感染BALB/c的小鼠模型的细胞免疫动态变化,探讨病毒对机体免疫系统的影响。[方法]通过流式细胞仪测定CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T等细胞免疫变化。[结果]感染H5N1病毒的小鼠血液中CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T细胞数量下降(P<0.05),脾脏中T细胞数量下降的趋势与血液相同,CD4+T/CD8+T的比例上升,只是两者的时间有所差别。[结论]说明病毒对细胞免疫T细胞数量影响较大,而且CD8+T受到的影响更为明显,反应了机体特异性细胞免疫功能受抑制,并且彼此之间的平衡受到破坏。     

Organization and possible origin of the Bari-1 cluster in the heterochromatic h39 region of Drosophila melanogaster

The molecular organization of the heterochromatic h39 region of the Drosophila melanogaster second chromosome has been investigated by studying two BAC clones identified both by Southern blotting and by FISH experiments as containing tandem arrays of Bari1, a transposable element present only in this region. Such BAC clones appear to contain different portions of the h39 region since they differ in the DNA sequences flanking the Bari1 repeats on both sides. Thus, the 80 Bari1 copies estimated to be present in the h39 region are split into at least two separated subregions. On the basis of the analysis of the flanking sequences a possible mechanism depending on an aberrant activity of the Bari1 transposase is proposed for the genesis of the heterochromatic tandem arrays of the element.     

植物DNA条形码技术

DNA条形码技术是利用标准的、具有足够变异的、易扩增且相对较短的DNA片段在物种内的特异性和种间的多样性而创建的一种新的生物身份识别系统,从而实现对物种的快速自动鉴定。尽管这一技术在理论上和具体应用上仍存在很多争论。但DNA条形码概念自2003年由加拿大分类学家Paul Hebert首次提出后就在世界范围内受到了广泛关注。在植物类群中条形码的研究和应用尚处于探索阶段,稍落后于对动物类群的研究,这主要表现在：（1）DNA条形码的选择及其评价仍没有统一的标准：（2）对类群较全面的形态分类学修订和植物DNA条形码研究的结合十分缺乏：（3）以往研究在取样上尺度较大,而对具体类群的研究较少,一个科或一个属只用有限的种类作为代表,同一种内的取样个体数量也不足,这样虽然表面上看来利用选定的DNA条形码可以较容易地把代表物种区分开,但实际上目前建议的植物DNA条形码（例如由生命条形码咨询委员会植物工作组最近提出的rbcL和matK）由于其分子进化速率较慢,在种级水平上,特别是对于那些经历了适应辐射或快速进化的属来说,分辨率较低。而DNA条形码的应用主要集中在属内物种水平的鉴别,因此只有针对具体类群进行探索研究,发现进化速率较快、分辨率高且通用性好的条形码,才可能为建立完整的条形码数据库起到积极有效的作用。     

《蛛形学报》(1992～2001年)学术论文计量分析

采用文献计量的方法分析了《蛛形学报》（1992～2001)发表的学术论文、刊物特色、作者地区、单位分布,引文概况,并就进一步推动《蛛形学报》的发展提出了建议。     

Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus replication by small interfering RNAs in mammalian cells

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that spread worldwide in early 2003. The cause was determined as a novel coronavirus (CoV), SARS-associated CoV (SARS-CoV), with a single-stranded, plus-sense RNA. To date, no effective specific treatment has been identified. To exploit the possibility of using RNA interference as a therapeutic approach to fight the disease, plasmid-mediated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were generated to target the SARS-CoV genome. The expression of siRNAs from two plasmids, which specifically target the viral RNA polymerase, effectively blocked the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV on Vero cells. These two plasmids also inhibited viral replication as shown by titer assays and by an examination of viral RNA and protein levels. Thus, our results demonstrated the feasibility of developing siRNAs as effective anti-SARS drugs.     

Solid Phase Synthesis of Phosphopeptides Incorporating 2,2-Dimethyloxazolidine Pseudoproline Analogs: Evidence for <Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis> Leu-Pro Peptide Bonds in Stat3 Inhibitors

To answer the question of whether the conformation of the Leu-Pro bond is cis or trans in Ac-pTyr-Leu-Pro-Gln-Thr-Val-NH₂ when complexed with the SH2 domain of Stat3, we substituted 2,2-dimethyloxazolidines derived from serine (Ser(Ψ^Me,Mepro)) and threonine (Thr(Ψ^Me,Mepro)) for proline. The 2,2-dimethyloxazolidine and 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine pseudoproline (ΨPro) analogs induce predominantly cis Xxx-ΨPro peptide bonds. As these ΨPro analogs are acid-labile, the phosphopeptides were synthesized using Fmoc-based SPPS using unprotected phosphotyrosine and 4-hydroxybenzoate as the linker that allowed release from the support by alkaline ammonolysis, conditions that kept the oxazolidine rings intact. Incorporation of Ser(Ψ^Me,Mepro) resulted in 69% cis Leu-ΨPro bond content in aqueous solution whereas that for Thr(Ψ^Me,Mepro) analog was 63%. Affinities for Stat3 were 3–5 fold lower than the lead compound and were inversely correlated with cis content. Thus we conclude that the Leu-Pro peptide bond is trans when the peptide is bound to Stat3.     

Klotho attenuates diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice and ameliorates high glucose-induced injury of human renal glomerular endothelial cells

Glomerular endothelial cell injury plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The expression and function of klotho in glomerular endothelial cells remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the expression and the functional role of klotho in DN progression in mice and in high glucose (HG)-induced cell injury of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) and the underlying mechanism. In this study, HRGECs were cultured with media containing HG to induce endothelial cell injury and db/db mice were used as DN model mice. Klotho was overexpressed or knocked down in HRECs to evaluate its role in HG-induced HRGECs injury. klotho-overexpressing adenovirus (rAAV-klotho) was injected into db/db mice via the tail vein to further validate the protective effect of klotho in DN. Decreased klotho expression was observed in DN patients, DN mice, and HG-exposed HRGECs. Furthermore, klotho overexpression significantly abolished the HG-induced HRGECs injury and activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and RAAS. In contrast, klotho knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, klotho attenuated diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice, which was also associated with inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and RAAS. In conclusion, klotho attenuates DN in db/db mice and ameliorates HG-induced injury of HRGECs.     

泡桐丛枝植原体tRNA异戊烯基焦磷酸转移酶基因克隆、原核表达及功能分析

【目的】为了鉴定植原体tRNA异戊烯基焦磷酸转移酶基因(tRNA-ipt)的表达及蛋白功能,探索植原体致病机理。【方法】对泡桐丛枝、桑萎缩、长春花绿变及苦楝丛枝植原体tRNA-ipt基因完整序列进行PCR扩增和生物信息学分析。对泡桐丛枝植原体tRNA-ipt基因进行原核表达并制备抗体。利用Western blot和FITC间接免疫荧光显微镜检测其在植原体中的表达。使用分光光度计分析该基因对大肠杆菌生长的影响,用ELISA测定转化菌株细胞分裂素含量。【结果】首次发现泡桐丛枝、桑萎缩、长春花绿变及苦楝丛枝植原体中完整tRNA-ipt基因,大小为876 bp,编码291个氨基酸,且N端均含有ATP/GTP结合位点保守序列(GPTASGKT)。4种植原体tRNA-IPT之间的氨基酸序列相似率为99.1%-99.5%,与同组植原体同源性在95.4%-99.3%,与其他组植原体同源性低于70%。SDS-PAGE结果显示tRNA-IPT蛋白在大肠杆菌中得到表达。首次获得泡桐丛枝植原体tRNA-IPT抗体并检测到该蛋白在泡桐发病组织中的特异表达。经过对转化菌株生长曲线及玉米素含量的测定,发现该基因能促进大肠杆菌后期生长和玉米素核苷的积累。【结论】4种植原体tRNA-ipt基因编码相同特性的功能蛋白,泡桐丛枝植原体tRNA-IPT蛋白能够在植原体中表达,根据该基因对异源菌株生长速率和激素合成的影响推断该蛋白可能参与植原体的细胞分裂素合成,在致病过程中起到重要作用。