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221.
Jean Claude Ongagna Remi Sapin Michel Pinget Alain Belcourt 《Experimental diabetes research》2002,3(1):1-9
Background: The cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated
antigen 4 gene (CTLA-4) encode the
T cell receptor involved in the control of T cell
proliferation and mediates T cell apoptosis.
The receptor protein is a specific T lymphocyte
surface antigen that is detected on cells only
after antigen presentation. Thus, CTLA-4 is
directly involved in both immune and autoimmune
responses and may be involved in the
pathogenesis of multiple T cell-mediated
autoimmune disorders. There is polymorphism
at position 49 in exon 1 of the CTLA-4 gene,
providing an A-G exchange. Moreover, we
assessed the CTLA-4 49 (Thr/Ala) polymorphism
in diabetic patients and first-degree relatives
as compared to control subjects.
Research design and methods: Three loci
(HLA-DQB1, DQA1 and CTLA-4) were analysed in 62 type 1 diabetic patients, 72 firstdegree
relatives and 84 nondiabetic control
subjects by means of PCR-RFLP.
Results: A significant enrichment in DQB1
alleles encoding for an amino acid different
from Asp in position 57 (NA) and DQA1 alleles
encoding for Arg in position 52 was
observed in diabetic subjects and first-degree
relatives as compared to controls. The genotype
and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms
in type 1 diabetic patients and firstdegree
relatives differed significantly from
those of controls (p< 0.001 and 0.05 respectively).
CTLA-49 Ala alleles frequencies were
75.8% in type 1 diabetic patients and 68.1% in
first-degree relatives in comparison to 35.7% in
control subjects. The Ala/Ala genotype conferred
a relative risk of 18.8 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The CTLA-4 49 Ala allele confers
an increased risk of type 1 diabetes, independent
of age and HLA-DQ genetic markers. 相似文献
222.
Yutaro Kimura Yutaka Fukuda Rumi Otsu Juwanen Yu Sayaka Mino Satoru Misawa Satoshi Maruyama Yuta Ikeda Remi Miyamachi Hiroshi Noguchi Satoshi Kato Yasuhito Yamamoto Tomoo Sawabe 《Environmental microbiology》2023,25(12):2834-2850
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is an eco-friendly green plastic. However, PBS was shown as being non-biodegradable in marine environments, and up until now, only a limited number of PBS-degrading marine microbes have been discovered. We first set up in vitro PBS- and PBSA (polybutylene succinate adipate)-plastispheres to characterize novel PBS-degrading marine microbes. Microbial growth and oxygen consumption were observed in both PBS- and PBSA-plastispheres enriched with natural seawater collected from Usujiri, Hokkaido, Japan, and Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae were significantly enriched on these films. Further gene identification indicated that vibrios belonging to the Gazogenes clade possess genes related to a PBS degrading enzyme (PBSase). The PBS degradation assay for six Gazogenes clade vibrios identified Vibrio ruber, Vibrio rhizosphaerae, and Vibrio spartinae as being capable of degrading PBS. We further identified the gene responsible for PBSase from the type strain of V. ruber, and the purified recombinant vibrio PBSase was found to have low-temperature adaptation and was active under high NaCl concentrations. We also provided docking models between the vibrio PBSase and PBS and PBSA units to show how vibrio PBSase interacts with each substrate compared to the Acidovorax PBSase. These results could contribute to a more sustainable society through further utilization of PBS in marine environments and plastic recycling. 相似文献
223.
Formulated in 2006, Scheffer and van Nes’ Emergent neutrality model predicts that competing species might self‐organize into groups of species similar in their traits. Recently, Vergnon et al. showed that the model consistently generates multimodal species abundance distributions, in accordance with empirical data. Barabás et al. argue that Emergent neutrality model relies on unmodeled, ‘hidden’ species differences. They also suggest that an Emergent neutrality model explicitly integrating such differences may fail to generate multimodal species abundance distributions, while other models can robustly produce those patterns. Here we demonstrate that density dependence – the process deemed problematic by Barabás et al. – may permanently maintain groups of similar species without need for additional species differences. More broadly, we make it clear that density dependence is not the only likely mechanism that could allow the permanent coexistence of similar species in the Emergent neutrality framework. We welcome the finding that models other than Emergent neutrality can generate multimodal abundance distributions and we briefly discuss their novelty and relevance. 相似文献
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A comparison of the anatomical distribution of substance P and substance P receptors in the rat central nervous system 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Clifford W. Shults Remi Quirion Bibie Chronwall Thomas N. Chase Thomas L. O''Donohue 《Peptides》1984,5(6):1097-1128
A comparison of anatomical distributions of substance P (SP) and substance P receptors in the rat central nervous system was performed. SP was localized by microdissection and radioimmunoassay and SP fibers and cell bodies by immunohistochemistry. Receptors for 125I-Bolton Hunter labelled SP (125I-BH-SP) were characterized pharmacologically by a slice binding technique in sections that contained primarily striatum. The receptor was saturable and had an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 0.30 nM and maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) of 37.8 fmol/mg protein. Pharmacological characterization using C terminal fragments and naturally occurring analogues of SP reflected characteristics of the receptor which had been shown previously in bioassays and biochemical assays. Comparison of distribution of SP fibers and cell bodies and SP receptors indicated that there is no consistent relationship between the amount of SP receptor and density of SP fibers or cell bodies in a given region of the brain. 相似文献