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Marios Nektarios Markakis Agnieszka Karolina Boron Bram Van Loock Kumud Saini Susanna Cirera Jean-Pierre Verbelen Kris Vissenberg 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
The root of Arabidopsis thaliana is used as a model system to unravel the molecular nature of cell elongation and its arrest. From a micro-array performed on roots that were treated with aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, a Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR)-like gene was found to be up regulated. As it appeared as the 76th gene in the family, it was named SAUR76. Root and leaf growth of overexpression lines ectopically expressing SAUR76 indicated the possible involvement of the gene in the division process. Using promoter::GUS and GFP lines strong expression was seen in endodermal and pericycle cells at the end of the elongation zone and during several stages of lateral root primordia development. ACC and IAA/NAA were able to induce a strong up regulation of the gene and changed the expression towards cortical and even epidermal cells at the beginning of the elongation zone. Confirmation of this up regulation of expression was delivered using qPCR, which also indicated that the expression quickly returned to normal levels when the inducing IAA-stimulus was removed, a behaviour also seen in other SAUR genes. Furthermore, confocal analysis of protein-GFP fusions localized the protein in the nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. SAUR76 expression was quantified in several mutants in ethylene and auxin-related pathways, which led to the conclusion that the expression of SAUR76 is mainly regulated by the increase in auxin that results from the addition of ACC, rather than by ACC itself. 相似文献
23.
Natalie Saini Yu Zhang Yuri Nishida Ziwei Sheng Shilpa Choudhury Piotr Mieczkowski Kirill S. Lobachev 《PLoS genetics》2013,9(6)
DNA sequences capable of adopting non-canonical secondary structures have been associated with gross-chromosomal rearrangements in humans and model organisms. Previously, we have shown that long inverted repeats that form hairpin and cruciform structures and triplex-forming GAA/TTC repeats induce the formation of double-strand breaks which trigger genome instability in yeast. In this study, we demonstrate that breakage at both inverted repeats and GAA/TTC repeats is augmented by defects in DNA replication. Increased fragility is associated with increased mutation levels in the reporter genes located as far as 8 kb from both sides of the repeats. The increase in mutations was dependent on the presence of inverted or GAA/TTC repeats and activity of the translesion polymerase Polζ. Mutagenesis induced by inverted repeats also required Sae2 which opens hairpin-capped breaks and initiates end resection. The amount of breakage at the repeats is an important determinant of mutations as a perfect palindromic sequence with inherently increased fragility was also found to elevate mutation rates even in replication-proficient strains. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanism for mutagenesis induced by fragile motifs involves the formation of long single-stranded regions in the broken chromosome, invasion of the undamaged sister chromatid for repair, and faulty DNA synthesis employing Polζ. These data demonstrate that repeat-mediated breaks pose a dual threat to eukaryotic genome integrity by inducing chromosomal aberrations as well as mutations in flanking genes. 相似文献
24.
Secondary structure-forming DNA motifs have achieved infamy because of their association with a variety of human diseases and cancer. The 3rd FASEB summer conference on dynamic DNA structures focused on the mechanisms responsible for the instabilities inherent to repetitive DNA and presented many exciting and novel aspects related to the metabolism of secondary structures. In addition, the meeting encompassed talks and posters on the dynamic structures that are generated during DNA metabolism including nicked DNA, Holliday junctions and RNA:DNA hybrids. New approaches for analysis and sequencing technologies put forth secondary structures and other DNA intermediates as vital regulators of a variety of cellular processes that contribute to evolution, polymorphisms and diseases. 相似文献
25.
R. K. Saini K. R. Saad G. A. Ravishankar P. Giridhar N. P. Shetty 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2013,299(7):1205-1213
Moringa oleifera is a less used, drought-tolerant tropical plant, rich in nutritionally and nutraceutically important bioactive compounds. It is native to India and now under cultivation in many countries, but no data is available on genetic variability. Three DNA marker techniques, i.e., random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and cytochrome P450 gene-based markers were used for the detection of genetic variability in eight Indian cultivars of M. oleifera, collected from various states of India. A total of 17 RAPD, 6 ISSR and 7 pairs of cytochrome P450-based markers generated 48.68, 48.57 and 40.00 % polymorphisms, respectively. The marker index (MI) for each of these marker systems (3.25 for RAPD, 4.73 ISSR and 2.95 for Cyt P450-based markers) suggest that ISSR markers are the most effective for assessment of genetic diversity. Based on the three types of marker data, the eight cultivars of M. oleifera were grouped into four sub-clusters in a dendrogram, but without any distinct geographical pattern. This suggests spread of planting material and high rates of gene flow through cross pollination. High bootstrap values (94.4 and 82.3) were obtained at major nodes of the dendrogram using the winboot software. The dendrogram and PCA plots generated from the binary data matrices of the three marker systems were found highly concordant to each other. This study reveals a huge genetic diversity among the cultivars and this can be utilised for conservation and cultivar development in breeding programmes to produce high yielding, nutritionally superior cultivars. 相似文献
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27.
Auxin: a master regulator in plant root development 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The demand for increased crop productivity and the predicted challenges related to plant survival under adverse environmental conditions have renewed the interest in research in root biology. Various physiological and genetic studies have provided ample evidence in support of the role of plant growth regulators in root development. The biosynthesis and transport of auxin and its signaling play a crucial role in controlling root growth and development. The univocal role of auxin in root development has established it as a master regulator. Other plant hormones, such as cytokinins, brassinosteroids, ethylene, abscisic acid, gibberellins, jasmonic acid, polyamines and strigolactones interact either synergistically or antagonistically with auxin to trigger cascades of events leading to root morphogenesis and development. In recent years, the availability of biological resources, development of modern tools and experimental approaches have led to the advancement of knowledge in root development. Research in the areas of hormone signal perception, understanding network of events involved in hormone action and the transport of plant hormones has added a new dimension to root biology. The present review highlights some of the important conceptual developments in the interplay of auxin and other plant hormones and associated downstream events affecting root development. 相似文献
28.
Two new species of the genus Rhyacophila Pictet from the Indian Himalayas, i.e. Rhyacophila himalayensis n. sp. from Badrinath (Uttarakhand) of the R. divaricata branch and Rhyacophila indica n. sp. from Gangtok (Sikkim) of the R. vulgaris branch are described and illustrated. 相似文献
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30.
Chaman Saini Anisuddin Siddiqui Venkatesh Ramesh Indira Nath 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2016,10(4)