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291.
Ioná W. Bettinardi Andreas Castan Ricardo A. Medronho Leda R. Castilho 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2020,117(7):1915-1928
In this study, a hydrocyclone (HC) especially designed for mammalian cell separation was applied for the separation of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The effect of key features on the separation efficiency, such as type of pumphead in the peristaltic feed pump, use of an auxiliary pump to control the perfusate flow rate, and tubing size in the recirculation loop were evaluated in batch separation tests. Based on these preliminary batch tests, the HC was then integrated to 50-L disposable bioreactor bags. Three perfusion runs were performed, including one where perfusion was started from a low-viability late fed-batch culture, and viability was restored. The successive runs allowed optimization of the HC-bag configuration, and cultivations with 20–25 days duration at cell concentrations up to 50 × 106 cells/ml were performed. Separation efficiencies up to 96% were achieved at pressure drops up to 2.5 bar, with no issues of product retention. To our knowledge, this is the first report in literature of high cell densities obtained with a HC integrated to a disposable perfusion bioreactor. 相似文献
292.
Synthesis of 7-trifluoromethyl-7-deazapurine ribonucleoside analogs and their monophosphate prodrugs
Jong Hyun Cho Leda C. Bassit Franck Amblard 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2020,39(5):671-687
AbstractNovel 7-trifluoromethyl-7-deazapurine ribonucleoside analogs (13a-c) and their Protides (15a-c) were successfully synthesized from ribolactol or 1-α-bromo-ribose derivatives using Silyl-Hilbert-Johnson or nucleobase-anion substitution reactions followed by key aromatic trifluoromethyl substitution. Newly prepared compounds were evaluated against a panel of RNA viruses, including HCV, Ebola or Zika viruses. 相似文献
293.
Daniel Sznycer Andrew W. Delton Theresa E. Robertson Leda Cosmides John Tooby 《Evolution and human behavior》2019,40(1):34-45
Why do humans help others? Many theories focus on dimensions like kinship or reciprocity. On their surface, these theories seem unable to explain help directed at fleeting strangers. In response to this puzzle, researchers have proposed that the mind has ecologically rational systems for providing aid. These systems respond to cues that predicted adaptive behavior during human evolution, regardless of whether such cues continue to be predictive in modern environments. In three studies, we test for two cues that might predict whether a potential benefactor will help a potential recipient: the need of the recipient and the extent to which the recipient is willing to sacrifice for the benefactor. Both cues, in ancestral environments, have the potential to predict whether a long-term relationship might be established. Consistent with past research, we find that both cues matter: Needy people and people willing to sacrifice are helped more. However, the cues are not merely additive: In some cases, the cue of need is ignored and only willingness to sacrifice is used. We discuss these results in terms of recent evolutionary theories of emotions. 相似文献
294.
295.
A G Yalouris C Lyberatos G Chalevelakis G Dolkas G Pallikaris N Thalassinos S Raptis 《Clinical physiology and biochemistry》1986,4(6):368-371
delta-Aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) synthetase in mouse liver homogenate was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in the presence of uremic compared with normal plasma, the ratio of the two values being 1.36 +/- 0.24 in 30 paired experiments. This effect does not seem to be due to increased concentrations of urea or creatinine nor to any possible dialyzable substances. Its relationship to the retention of an inducing factor or decreased production of erythropoietin in uremic patients is discussed. A possible inhibitory effect of erythropoietin on liver delta-ALA synthetase is suggested. 相似文献
296.
D J Hadjidakis S A Raptis A Souvatzoglou C Karaiskos E J Diamantopoulos S D Moulopoulos 《Clinical physiology and biochemistry》1986,4(6):372-383
In order to compare the effects of somatostatin-28 (SS-28) with those of somatostatin-14 (SS-14) in humans, we administered both compounds randomly in 5 healthy persons and 3 patients with active acromegaly. Blood glucose, growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, TSH, FSH, LH and prolactin were estimated after arginine, TRH and LHRH stimulation in the normals and without stimulation in the acromegalics. Both substances were administered in doses of 25, 50, 200 and 250 micrograms. Our results indicate that SS-28 is at least 5 times more potent in man than SS-14 as far as inhibition of growth hormone, insulin, glucagon and prolactin secretion is concerned. On the other hand SS-28 is at least 2 times more potent than SS-14 in the inhibition of TSH, FSH and LH. If this difference in potency is calculated on the basis of equimolarity, the action of SS-28 becomes even much greater. According to these findings, SS-28 appears to be either the main hormone and SS-14 a fragment of it with a lesser degree of biologic activity, or the prohormone with special properties. 相似文献
297.
298.
Leda R. Castilho David A. Mitchell Denise M.G. Freire 《Bioresource technology》2009,100(23):5996-6009
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are biodegradable polymers produced by prokaryotic organisms from renewable resources. The production of PHAs by submerged fermentation processes has been intensively studied over the last 30 years. In recent years, alternative strategies have been proposed, such as the use of solid-state fermentation or the production of PHAs in transgenic plants. This paper gives an overview of submerged and solid-state fermentation processes used to produce PHAs from waste materials and by-products. The use of these low-cost raw materials has the potential to reduce PHA production costs, because the raw material costs contribute a significant part of production costs in traditional PHA production processes. 相似文献
299.
James S. Ruff Raed B. Saffarini Leda L. Ramoz Linda C. Morrison Shambralyn Baker Sean M. Laverty Petr Tvrdik Wayne K. Potts 《Genetics》2015,201(2):727-736
Gene targeting techniques have led to the phenotypic characterization of numerous genes; however, many genes show minimal to no phenotypic consequences when disrupted, despite many having highly conserved sequences. The standard explanation for these findings is functional redundancy. A competing hypothesis is that these genes have important ecological functions in natural environments that are not needed under laboratory settings. Here we discriminate between these hypotheses by competing mice (Mus musculus) whose Hoxb1 gene has been replaced by Hoxa1, its highly conserved paralog, against matched wild-type controls in seminatural enclosures. This Hoxb1A1 swap was reported as a genetic manipulation resulting in no discernible embryonic or physiological phenotype under standard laboratory tests. We observed a transient decline in first litter size for Hoxb1A1 homozygous mice in breeding cages, but their fitness was consistently and more dramatically reduced when competing against controls within seminatural populations. Specifically, males homozygous for the Hoxb1A1 swap acquired 10.6% fewer territories and the frequency of the Hoxb1A1 allele decreased from 0.500 in population founders to 0.419 in their offspring. The decrease in Hoxb1A1 frequency corresponded with a deficiency of both Hoxb1A1 homozygous and heterozygous offspring. These data suggest that Hoxb1 and Hoxa1 are more phenotypically divergent than previously reported and support that sub- and/or neofunctionalization has occurred in these paralogous genes leading to a divergence of gene function and incomplete redundancy. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of obtaining fitness measures of mutants in ecologically relevant conditions to better understand gene function and evolution. 相似文献
300.