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81.
Falk R 《Journal of the history of biology》2003,36(1):87-117
Genetics was established on a strictparticulate conception of heredity. Geneticlinkage, the deviation from independentsegregation of Mendelian factors, was conceivedas a function of the material allocation of thefactors to the chromosomes, rather than to themultiple effects (pleiotropy) of discretefactors. Although linkage maps wereabstractions they provided strong support forthe chromosomal theory of inheritance. DirectCytogenetic evidence was scarce until X-rayinduced major chromosomal rearrangementsallowed direct correlation of genetic andcytological rearrangements. Only with thediscovery of the polytenic giant chromosomes inDrosophila larvae in the 1930s were thevirtual maps backed up by physical maps of thegenetic loci. Genetic linkage became a pivotalexperimental tool for the examination of theintegration of genetic functions in developmentand in evolution. Genetic mapping has remaineda hallmark of genetic analysis. The location ofgenes in DNA is a modern extension of thenotion of genetic linkage. 相似文献
82.
Fabiano Tófoli de Araújo Victor M. Bolanos-Garcia Cristiane T. Pereira Mario Sanches Elisa E. Oshiro Rita C. C. Ferreira Dimitri Y. Chigardze Jo?o Alexandre Gon?alves Barbosa Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira Celso E. Benedetti Tom L. Blundell Andrea Balan 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Background
The uptake of sulphur-containing compounds plays a pivotal role in the physiology of bacteria that live in aerobic soils where organosulfur compounds such as sulphonates and sulphate esters represent more than 95% of the available sulphur. Until now, no information has been available on the uptake of sulphonates by bacterial plant pathogens, particularly those of the Xanthomonas genus, which encompasses several pathogenic species. In the present study, we characterised the alkanesulphonate uptake system (Ssu) of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri 306 strain (X. citri), the etiological agent of citrus canker.Methodology/Principal Findings
A single operon-like gene cluster (ssuEDACB) that encodes both the sulphur uptake system and enzymes involved in desulphurisation was detected in the genomes of X. citri and of the closely related species. We characterised X. citri SsuA protein, a periplasmic alkanesulphonate-binding protein that, together with SsuC and SsuB, defines the alkanesulphonate uptake system. The crystal structure of SsuA bound to MOPS, MES and HEPES, which is herein described for the first time, provides evidence for the importance of a conserved dipole in sulphate group coordination, identifies specific amino acids interacting with the sulphate group and shows the presence of a rather large binding pocket that explains the rather wide range of molecules recognised by the protein. Isolation of an isogenic ssuA-knockout derivative of the X. citri 306 strain showed that disruption of alkanesulphonate uptake affects both xanthan gum production and generation of canker lesions in sweet orange leaves.Conclusions/Significance
The present study unravels unique structural and functional features of the X. citri SsuA protein and provides the first experimental evidence that an ABC uptake system affects the virulence of this phytopathogen. 相似文献83.
Llis A. Carlos‐Júnior Matthew Spencer Danilo Mesquita Neves Timothy Peter Moulton Dbora de Oliveira Pires Clovis Barreira e Castro Carlos Renato Rezende Ventura Carlos Eduardo Leite Ferreira Cristiana Silveira Serejo Simone Oigman‐Pszczol Fernanda Araújo Casares Marcelo Checoli Mantelatto Joel Christopher Creed 《Diversity & distributions》2019,25(5):743-757
84.
Nogueira-Ferreira Rita Ferreira Rita Padrão Ana Isabel Oliveira Paula Santos Manuel Kavazis Andreas N. Vitorino Rui Moreira-Gonçalves Daniel 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2019,75(4):561-572
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry - Aerobic exercise training induces a unique cardioprotective phenotype, but it is becoming clear that it does not promote the same structural, functional,... 相似文献
85.
Liene Dhooghe Sheila Maregesi Daneel Ferreira Filip Lemière Paul Cos Arnold Vlietinck Luc Pieters 《Phytochemistry》2010,71(7):785-791
Preliminary screening of a series of medicinal plants, traditionally used in Tanzania, showed an IC50 of 15.6-31.2 μg/ml for the crude extract of the root of Ormocarpum kirkii S. Moore (Papilionaceae) against Plasmodium falciparum. A bioguided isolation was performed in order to isolate the active constituents. Twelve constituents were obtained and identified using NMR and MS data, and optical rotation measurements. The compounds comprised seven (I-3,II-3)-biflavonoids, three (I-3,II-3)-bi-4-phenyldihydrocoumarins, an isoflavanone and a C-glucosylated flavone. Six compounds, liquiritigeninyl-(I-3,II-3)-naringenin, apigeninyl-(I-3,II-3)-naringenin, 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosylchamaejasmin, (3R,4S,3″R,4″S)-5,5″-di-O-methyldiphysin, 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyldiphysin, and 4″-hydroxydiphysolone, were isolated in addition to six known components. The compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity in a broad screening panel, including P. falciparum. Seven of these showed antiplasmodial activity; isochamaejasmin being the most active with an IC50 of 7.3 ± 3.8 μM, but the selectivity was rather limited. Thus, these constituents may contribute, at least in part, to the antimalarial use of O. kirkii in traditional medicine. 相似文献
86.
Daniella Braz Parente Fernando Fernandes Paiva Jaime Araújo Oliveira Neto Lilian Machado-Silva Fatima Aparecida Ferreira Figueiredo Valeria Lanzoni Carlos Frederico Ferreira Campos Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano do Brasil Marilia de Brito Gomes Renata de Mello Perez Rosana Souza Rodrigues 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the capability of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to assess steatohepatitis and fibrosis determined by histopathology in type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsFifty-nine type 2 diabetic patients (49 women, 10 men; mean age, 54 ± 9 years) were submitted to liver biopsy for the evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and underwent DWI on a 3.0T MR system using 10 b values. Institutional approval and patient consent were obtained. Pure molecular-based (D), perfusion-related (D*), and vascular fraction (f) were calculated using a double exponential model and least squares curve fitting. D, D*, and f were compared between patients with and without steatohepatitis and between patients with and without fibrosis. The variables were compared by using the Ranksum test and Student t-test.ResultsSteatohepatitis was observed in 22 patients and fibrosis in 16 patients. A lower D median (0.70 s/mm2 vs. 0.83 s/mm2, p<0.05) and a lower D* median (34.39 s/mm2 vs. 45.23 s/mm2, p<0.05) were observed among those with steatohepatitis. A lower D median (0.70 s/mm2 vs. 0.82 s/mm2, p<0.05) and a lower D* median (35.01 s/mm2 vs. 44.76 s/mm2, p=0.05) were also observed among those with fibrosis.ConclusionIVIM-DWI has the potential to aid in the characterization of steatohepatitis and fibrosis. 相似文献
87.
Liat Bahari Yuval Gilad Ilya Borovok Hamutal Kahel-Raifer Bareket Dassa Yakir Nataf Yuval Shoham Raphael Lamed Edward A. Bayer 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(7):825-832
The composition of the cellulase system in the cellulosome-producing bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum, has been reported to change in response to growth on different carbon sources. Recently, an extensive carbohydrate-sensing
mechanism, purported to regulate the activation of genes coding for polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, was suggested. In this
system, CBM modules, comprising extracellular components of RsgI-like anti-σ factors, were proposed to function as carbohydrate
sensors, through which a set of cellulose utilization genes are activated by the associated σI-like factors. An extracellular module of one of these RsgI-like proteins (Cthe_2119) was annotated as a family 10 glycoside
hydrolase, RsgI6-GH10, and a second putative anti-σ factor (Cthe_1471), related in sequence to Rsi24, was found to contain
a module that resembles a family 5 glycoside hydrolase (termed herein Rsi24C-GH5). The present study examines the relevance
of these two glycoside hydrolases as sensors in this signal-transmission system. The RsgI6-GH10 was found to bind xylan matrices
but exhibited low enzymatic activity on this substrate. In addition, this glycoside hydrolase module was shown to interact
with crystalline cellulose although no hydrolytic activity was detected on cellulosic substrates. Bioinformatic analysis of
the Rsi24C-GH5 showed a glutamate-to-glutamine substitution that would presumably preclude catalytic activity. Indeed, the
recombinant module was shown to bind to cellulose, but showed no hydrolytic activity. These observations suggest that these
two glycoside hydrolases underwent an evolutionary adaptation to function as polysaccharide binding agents rather than enzymatic
components and thus serve in the capacity of extracellular carbohydrate sensors. 相似文献
88.
Savio de Siqueira Ferreira Milton Yutaka Nishiyama Jr Andrew H Paterson Glaucia Mendes Souza 《Genome biology》2013,14(6):210
The Saccharinae, especially sugarcane, Miscanthus and sorghum, present remarkable characteristics for bioenergy production. Biotechnology of these plants will be important for a sustainable feedstock supply. Herein, we review knowledge useful for their improvement and synergies gained by their parallel study. 相似文献
89.
90.
David C. Bartholomew Paulo R. L. Bittencourt Antonio C. L. da Costa Lindsay F. Banin Patrícia de Britto Costa Sarah I. Coughlin Tomas F. Domingues Leandro V. Ferreira André Giles Maurizio Mencuccini Lina Mercado Raquel C. Miatto Alex Oliveira Rafael Oliveira Patrick Meir Lucy Rowland 《Plant, cell & environment》2020,43(10):2380-2393
The response of small understory trees to long-term drought is vital in determining the future composition, carbon stocks and dynamics of tropical forests. Long-term drought is, however, also likely to expose understory trees to increased light availability driven by drought-induced mortality. Relatively little is known about the potential for understory trees to adjust their physiology to both decreasing water and increasing light availability. We analysed data on maximum photosynthetic capacity (Jmax, Vcmax), leaf respiration (Rleaf), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from 66 small trees across 12 common genera at the world's longest running tropical rainfall exclusion experiment and compared responses to those from 61 surviving canopy trees. Small trees increased Jmax, Vcmax, Rleaf and LMA (71, 29, 32, 15% respectively) in response to the drought treatment, but leaf thickness and leaf nutrient concentrations did not change. Small trees were significantly more responsive than large canopy trees to the drought treatment, suggesting greater phenotypic plasticity and resilience to prolonged drought, although differences among taxa were observed. Our results highlight that small tropical trees have greater capacity to respond to ecosystem level changes and have the potential to regenerate resilient forests following future droughts. 相似文献