长链非编码RNA LINC01126异常高表达促进前列腺癌发生发展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)在疾病的发生发展过程中发挥着重要的作用.LncRNA的异常表达与许多肿瘤的发生发展密切相关.本研究通过分析肿瘤基因图集(TCGA)数据库首次鉴定出了在前列腺癌中高表达的长链非编码RNA LINC01126,并在前列腺癌样本和前列腺癌细胞系中得到了验证.通过进一步分析发现,LINC01126的表达量在肿瘤中显著上调(419例前列腺癌组织样本和52例癌旁组织样本,P0.001),LINC01126表达与临床病理分级的相关性分析中,相比于癌旁组织,Gleason 8样本和Gleason 9样本中的LINC01126表达水平显著增加(52例癌旁组织样本;Gleason 8,n=44,P0.001;Gleason 9,n=71,P0.001).进一步的分析结果表明,LINC01126能够较好地指示前列腺癌的Gleason分级.相比于Gleason 6样本,Gleason 8样本和Gleason 9样本中的LINC01126表达水平上调(Gleason 6,n=30;Gleason 8,n=44,P0.01;Gleason 9,n=71,P0.05).同样,相比于Gleason 7样本,Gleason 8样本和Gleason 9样本中的LINC01126表达水平也显著增加(Gleason 7,n=193;Gleason 8,n=44,P0.001;Gleason 9,n=71,P0.001).LINC01126的表达水平与前列腺癌病理分期的相关性结果提示,LINC01126在发生转移的前列腺癌中的表达量更高,差异显著(T2a,T2b,T2c样本共144例,T3a,T3b,T4样本共194例,P0.01).另外,还分析了与LINC01126共表达或相反表达的mRNA,作为其可能的调控基因,及其这些基因的生物学进程和相关的信号通路,表明LINC01126与前列腺癌发生发展具有潜在的生物学关联,有望成为前列腺癌的生物标志物.     

METTL3/N6-methyladenosine/ miR-21-5p promotes obstructive renal fibrosis by regulating inflammation through SPRY1/ERK/NF-κB pathway activation

Renal fibrosis induced by urinary tract obstruction is a common clinical occurrence; however, effective treatment is lacking, and a deeper understanding of the mechanism of renal fibrosis is needed. Previous studies have revealed that miR-21 impacts liver and lung fibrosis progression by activating the SPRY1/ERK/NF-kB signalling pathway. However, whether miR-21 mediates obstructive renal fibrosis through the same signalling pathway has not been determined. Additionally, studies have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification-dependent primary microRNA (pri-microRNA) processing is essential for maturation of microRNAs, but its role in the maturation of miR-21 in obstructive renal fibrosis has not yet been investigated in detail. To address these issues, we employed a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in which the left ureters were ligated for 3, 7 and 14 days to simulate the fibrotic process. In vitro, human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were transfected with plasmids containing the corresponding sequence of METTL3, miR-21-5p mimic or miR-21-5p inhibitor. We found that the levels of miR-21-5p and m⁶A modification in the UUO model groups increased significantly, and as predicted, the SPRY1/ERK/NF-kB pathway was activated by miR-21-5p, confirming that miR-21-5p plays an important role in obstructive renal fibrosis by enhancing inflammation. METTL3 was found to play a major catalytic role in m⁶A modification in UUO mice and drove obstructive renal fibrosis development by promoting miR-21-5p maturation. Our research is the first to demonstrate the role of the METTL3-m⁶A-miR-21-5p-SPRY1/ERK/NF-kB axis in obstructive renal fibrosis and provides a deeper understanding of renal fibrosis.     

Survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Fusarium verticillioides in commercial potting substrates for ornamental plants

Live plants, particularly when accompanied by soil or potting substrates, are considered the main pathway for international spread of plant pathogens. Modern, rapid shipping technologies for international plant trade increase the probability of plant pathogen survival during transport and the subsequent chances of disease outbreaks in new locations. The survival of two model pathogens, an Oomycete, Phytophthora cinnamomi, and a filamentous fungus, Fusarium verticillioides, was studied in two different commercial potting substrates (peat and peat‐free) under glasshouse conditions in the absence of a plant host. Survival rates were analysed at 2, 7, 12 and 17 months after substrate inoculation. Fusarium verticillioides had the longest survival rate, and was still present at 17 months. In contrast, P. cinnamomi survived up to 7 months but was not recovered after 12 or 17 months. There was no significant difference in the number of colony‐forming units (CFUs) of either pathogen in the two substrates, except at 2 months, when higher numbers were recovered from peat substrates.     

银杏叶提取物对新生SD 乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧损伤的影响

目的:研究银杏叶提取物对缺氧状态下新生SD乳鼠心肌细胞的影响及其可能机制。方法:新生1天SD乳鼠心肌细胞原代培养并利用氮气培养箱模拟低氧构建乳鼠心肌缺氧体外模型。分为3组处理:对照组,缺氧组,缺氧+药物拮抗组。缺氧时间为12 h,通过免疫组化等检测方法,观察各组心肌细胞的损伤情况及心肌Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达情况。结果:缺氧可以造成新生SD乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的发生(hypoxia:75.21%±1.21%,control:1.38%±0.45%,P<0.05,n=20),并导致其表达凋亡抑制因子Bcl-2蛋白水平的显著降低(0.125 fold VS control group,P<0.05),促细胞凋亡因子Bax蛋白水平显著升高(3.011fold VS control group,P<0.05);而银杏叶提取物作用后可明显逆转新生SD乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的发生(EGb761:23.17%±0.43%,hypoxia:73.13%±1.22%,P<0.05,n=20),并明显逆转Bcl-2(5.716 fold VS hypoxia group,P<0.05)、Bax(0.273fold VS hypoxia group,P<0.05)等蛋白的表达水平。结论:凋亡相关因子Bcl-2和Bax等参与缺氧致心肌损伤过程,导致心肌细胞凋亡,银杏叶提取物能降低心肌Bax表达,提高Bcl-2表达,从而保护心肌细胞,抑制凋亡。     

NF-kB 在哮喘病患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液中的表达及意义

目的:探讨NF-κB、IL-17在儿童支气管哮喘中的作用及机制。本文通过观察哮喘急性发作儿童支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)NF-κB、IL-17的水平变化,探讨其在哮喘急性发作儿童气道炎症中的作用。方法:我院2012年12月-2013年2月期间行纤维支气管镜检查患儿共80例,包括哮喘急性发作组(哮喘组,n=40)、非喘息组(肺炎组,n=20)及对照组(n=20),收集所有病例的BALF,进行细胞学分类,RT-PCR法测定BALF中细胞中NF-κB蛋白(P65mRNA)、IL-17mRNA的表达;Western法检测P65蛋白、IL-17蛋白表达。结果:与对照组比较,哮喘组和肺炎组患儿的P65mRNA、IL-17mRNA水平均明显增高;P65蛋白、IL-17蛋白水平均明显增高(均P<0.05);哮喘组患儿的P65mRNA、IL-17mRNA水平、P65蛋白、IL-17蛋白水平较肺炎组高(P<0.05)。结论:NF-κB、IL-17在哮喘儿童气道炎症中发挥重要作用,NF-κB通过调控IL-17来实现促进哮喘病情进展。     

传粉昆虫物种多样性监测、评估和保护概述

欧洲和北美等国相继建立起传粉昆虫物种多样性监测和评估体系。基于传粉昆虫的监测资料,能够对欧美部分区域和某些传粉昆虫类群的现状、下降程度以及影响因素进行研究。欧洲和北美等地已开展部分传粉昆虫保护措施和项目,如欧洲部分国家实施的＂农田环境计划＂项目（Agri-Environmental Schemes）能够保护农田生态系统中传粉昆虫的栖境,恢复和提高传粉昆虫物种多样性。我国传粉昆虫物种多样性十分丰富,但目前还没有一个以监测和评估传粉昆虫物种多样性为主的平台,也未对某区域或某类群传粉昆虫多样性的变化进行评估,传粉昆虫多样性的保护也未引起足够重视。为了解我国传粉昆虫物种多样性现状及变化情况,作者建议在我国建立传粉昆虫物种多样性监测和评估体系,以提高我们在该领域的认识水平,并为开展相应的保护工作提供理论基础。     

Actinobacillus succinogenes抗氟乙酸突变株的选育及其代谢流量分析

琥珀酸是一种用于合成树脂、可降解塑料及许多化学中间体的重要绿色化工原料。为了提高琥珀酸的发酵产率, 基于Actinobacillus succinogenes的代谢流量分布情况对其育种机制进行了研究。以Actinobacillus succinogenes CGMCC1593为原始菌株进行NTG诱变, 挑选在含有50~100 mmol/L氟乙酸平板生长较快的菌落, 经过初筛和复筛, 发现SF-9菌株产生更多琥珀酸且积累乙酸较少。以50 g/L的葡萄糖为碳源, 在5 L发酵罐上进行分批发酵, 该菌株发酵32 h时琥珀酸产量(34.8 g/L)提高了23.4%, 琥珀酸/乙酸比率为9:1, 副产物乙酸量比原始菌株降低了约50%。代谢流量分析(MFA)结果表明, PEP是影响琥珀酸合成的关键节点, PYR是影响乙酸等杂酸生成比例的关键节点, 并且这两个节点均非刚性节点。通过氟乙酸抗性诱变, 成功地筛选出了流向乙酸、甲酸和乳酸等杂酸的流量相对减少, 而流向琥珀酸的流量明显增强的突变菌株SF-9。     

Behavioral and electroencephalographic manifestations of thioacetamide-induced encephalopathy in rats

The aim of our study was to investigate the behavioral and electroencephalographic manifestations of thioacetamide-induced encephalopathy in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided among (i) control, saline-treated, and (ii) thioacetamide-treated groups (TAA(300) (300?mg/kg body mass); TAA(600) (600?mg/kg); and TAA(900) (900?mg/kg)). The daily dose of thioacetamide (300?mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once (TAA(300)), twice (TAA(600)), or 3 times (TAA(900)), on subsequent days. Behavioral manifestations were determined at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24?h, while electroencephalographic changes were recorded 22-24?h after the last dose. General motor activity and exploratory behavior, as well as head shake, auditory startle reflex, placement, and equlibrium tests were diminished in the TAA(600) and TAA(900) groups compared with the control, and were absent in the TAA(900) group 24?h after treatment. Corneal, withdrawal, grasping, and righting reflexes were significantly diminished in the TAA(900) group compared with the control. Mean electroencephalographic power spectra density was significantly higher in TAA(300) and TAA(600) and lower in the TAA(900) group by comparison with the control. Only a score of 3 (mean dominant frequency?≤ 7.3?Hz and δ relative power?≥ 45%) was observed in the TAA(900) group. Thioacetamide induces encephalopathy in rats in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 900?mg/kg TAA may be used as a suitable model of all stages of hepatic encephalopathy.