RUS家族对植物生长发育的调控作用

叶绿体基因组编码许多参与光合作用和其他代谢过程的关键蛋白质,在叶绿体中合成的代谢物对于植物正常的生长发育至关重要。根对紫外线-B辐射敏感[Root-UVB (ultraviolet radiation B)-sensitive, RUS]蛋白属于叶绿体蛋白,由高度保守的DUF647结构域组成,在参与植物形态发生、物质运输和能量代谢等多种生命活动的调控中发挥作用。本文就近年来关于RUS家族在植物的胚胎发育、光形态建成、维生素B6稳态、生长素转运和花药发育等生长发育过程中的相关研究进行回顾和总结,为深入研究其在植物生长发育中的分子调控机制提供了参考。     

Comparing the folding landscapes of evolutionarily divergent procaspase-3

All caspases evolved from a common ancestor and subsequently developed into two general classes, inflammatory or apoptotic caspases. The caspase-hemoglobinase fold has been conserved throughout nearly one billion years of evolution and is utilized for both the monomeric and dimeric subfamilies of apoptotic caspases, called initiator and effector caspases, respectively. We compared the folding and assembly of procaspase-3b from zebrafish to that of human effector procaspases in order to examine the conservation of the folding landscape. Urea-induced equilibrium folding/unfolding of procaspase-3b showed a minimum three-state folding pathway, where the native dimer isomerizes to a partially folded dimeric intermediate, which then unfolds. A partially folded monomeric intermediate observed in the folding landscape of human procaspase-3 is not well-populated in zebrafish procaspase-3b. By comparing effector caspases from different species, we show that the effector procaspase dimer undergoes a pH-dependent conformational change, and that the conformational species in the folding landscape exhibit similar free energies. Together, the data show that the landscape for the caspase-hemoglobinase fold is conserved, yet it provides flexibility for species-specific stabilization or destabilization of folding intermediates resulting in changes in stability. The common pH-dependent conformational change in the native dimer, which yields an enzymatically inactive species, may provide an additional, albeit reversible, mechanism for controlling caspase activity in the cell.     

盐生荒漠地表水热与二氧化碳通量的季节变化及驱动因素

以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘原始盐生荒漠为对象,利用涡度相关法,对原始盐生荒漠地表水热、二氧化碳通量进行了连续观测,对通量的季节变化、浅层土壤水分条件改变对盐生荒漠植物群落水汽、二氧化碳通量以及水分利用效率的影响进行了系统的分析.结果表明:净辐射通量、潜热通量和二氧化碳通量都具有明显的季节变化趋势,而显热通量的季节变化不明显.在有效能量的分配上,显热通量是有效能量的主要输出项.在降水影响期和非影响期,二氧化碳通量没有明显的变化;而在非降水影响期潜热通量明显降低,表明土壤水分处于亏缺状态,但二氧化碳通量并没有降低的趋势,而与前期保持高度的一致性.以此可以推断,该荒漠盐生植物群落并不以降水为主要水分来源,降水后水汽通量和二氧化碳通量变化的不一致性是该原始盐生荒漠独特植物特征决定的.降水影响期原始盐生荒漠植物群落的水分利用效率低于非影响期,是由于降水后土壤蒸发迅速增加,而植物蒸腾与光合并未随之增加造成的.     

The chemiluminescence immunoassay for aflatoxin B1 based on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with two strategies of antigen probe immobilization

A rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is a potent carcinogen in nature. We prepared monodisperse MNPs (300 nm in diameter) according to the solvothermal synthesis reaction and the MNPs were coated with silica by the Stöber method. Triethox was used as a one‐step carboxylation reagent, and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) an amination reagent, to modify the MNPs. We prepared two types of solid phase antigens using the above synthesized functionalized MNPs coupled with the later prepared AFB1‐oxime active ester and the purchased BSA–AFB1 respectively. 2′,6′‐dimethylcarbonylphenyl‐10‐sulfopropylacridinium‐9‐carboxylate 4′‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (4′‐NHS) ester (NSP–DMAE–NHS), as a novel luminescent reagent, was used to label anti‐AFB1 antibodies. The two CLIA calibration curves based on the two types of solid phase antigens were obtained and compared. The acquired limit of detection (LOD) was about 0.001 ng/mL for the two functionalized MNPs‐based immunoassays, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was 0.51 ng/mL for the MNPs–AFB1‐based method and 0.72 ng/mL for the MNPs–BSA–AFB1‐based method.     

基于小波神经网络的麦蚜发生程度预测模型

【目的】建立基于小波神经网络病虫害预测预报模型,对提前采取防病防虫措施、减少农作物病虫害损失、提高农作物产量与质量具有重要意义。【方法】本研究以山西省运城市芮城县1980-2014年麦蚜发生程度和气象因子数据为基础,采用主成分分析法从40个基础气象因子中整合形成9个新的自变量输入模型,采用试凑法筛选隐含层节点数,用1980-2009年的数据进行网络训练,对2010-2014年麦蚜发生程度进行回测,建立了以Morlet小波函数为传递函数的小波神经网络模型,并与以Sigmoid函数为传递函数的BP神经网络模型进行了比较。【结果】小波和BP神经网络两种模型对训练样本的平均拟合精度均有10年以上超过80%,两者MAPE 值分别为 89.83% 和83.07%,MSE 值分别为0.0578和0.6192。【结论】两个模型都能较好地描述麦蚜发生程度;从预测精度和模型的稳定性来看,小波神经网络好于BP神经网络。     

中华按蚊CYP6Y亚家族基因的鉴定和生物信息学分析

【目的】鉴定中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis CYP6Y亚家族基因,分析它们的结构和特征,推测其可能的功能。【方法】以冈比亚按蚊An. gambiae CYP6Y1作为询问序列,通过双向Blast方法检索中华按蚊转录组中CYP6Y亚家族基因,并通过生物信息学方法分析基因结构、特征及可能的功能。【结果】从中华按蚊转录组测序数据中鉴定出2条CYP6Y亚家族基因,分别命名为AsCYP6Y1（GenBank登录号：KF709397）和AsCYP6Y2（GenBank登录号：KF709398）。序列分析显示,AsCYP6Y1和AsCYP6Y2全长分别为1 713 bp和1 815 bp,分别编码502和526个氨基酸。基因结构分析显示,该亚家族基因仅含有1个相位1型内含子并与其他P450基因形成保守的共线性分布。蛋白结构分析显示,这2个基因编码的蛋白含P450特有的5个特征序列和6个底物结合位点,且均不存在信号肽,其亚细胞定位为细胞质。3D结构分析显示,AsCYP6Y1有18条α螺旋和13股反向平行的β折叠,AsCYP6Y2有19条α螺旋和11股反向平行的β折叠。通过同样的方法,在达林按蚊An. darlingi中也鉴定出2个CYP6Y亚家族基因。系统进化分析显示,AsCYP6Y1和AsCYP6Y2分别与其他3种按蚊的CYP6Y1和CYP6Y2聚成一支,Bootstrap值均大于90%。替换率分析显示,中华按蚊AsCYP6Y1和AsCYP6Y2与其他3种按蚊同源基因的Ka/Ks均小于1。相对进化速率分析显示,中华按蚊CYP6Y和CYP6M亚家族的相对进化速率均显著快于CYP6P亚家族,而CYP6Y和CYP6M亚家族之间没有显著差异。【结论】在中华按蚊和达林按蚊中存在2个CYP6Y亚家族基因,之前在冈比亚按蚊和不吉按蚊An. funestus中也发现2个CYP6Y亚家族基因,表明CYP6Y亚家族基因可能在按蚊属广泛存在,且可能为按蚊属昆虫所特有。     

Urban development and sustainability challenges chronicled by a century of construction material flows and stocks in Tiexi,China

Construction materials are considerable forces of global environmental impacts, but their dynamics vis‐à‐vis urban development are poorly documented, in part because their long lifespans require elusive and sometimes nonexistent decade‐long high‐resolution data. This study analyzes the construction material flow and stock trends that shaped and were shaped by the development, decline, and renewal of the Tiexi district of Shenyang, a microcosm of China's urban transformations since the early 20th century. Chronicling building‐by‐building the material flows and stock accumulations involved in the buildup of this area, we shed light on the physical resource context of its socioeconomic history. We find that 42 million tonnes of construction materials were needed to develop the Tiexi district from 1910 to 2018, and 18 million tonnes of material outflows were generated by end‐of‐life building demolition. However, over 55% of inflows and 93% of outflows occurred since 2002 during a complete redevelopment of the district. Only small portions of end‐of‐life materials could have been reused or recycled because of temporal and typological mismatches of supply and demand and technical limitations. Our analysis reveals a dramatic decrease in median building lifetimes to as low as 6 years in the early 21st century. These findings contribute to the discussion of long‐term environmental efficiency and sustainability of societal development through construction and reflect on the challenges of urban renewal processes not only in China but also in other developing and developed countries that lost (or may lose) their traditional economic base and restructure their urban forms. This article met the requirements for a Silver/Silver JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges .