我国自然保护地历史遗留问题的系统解决方案

近年来, 我国自然保护地内存在的大量的人口密集区域、民生设施、矿业活动、开发建设项目、农牧业生产活动等历史遗留问题在中央环保督察中集中暴露出来。为采取针对性政策措施解决这些遗留问题, 本研究首先将其分为三大类: (1)保护越位与保护空缺并存; (2)生态保护和大量原住居民生计改善间的矛盾突出; (3)保护地内存在大量生产经营活动。在此基础上, 深入剖析了各类遗留问题产生的体制机制原因。为合理化解历史遗留问题导致的一系列矛盾, 提高保护地建设和管理质量, 本文从加强保护地体系的顶层设计、推动相关法律法规的制修订、采取多元化手段解决保护地内土地权属和矿业权问题、建立健全平衡保护与发展关系的体制机制等4个方面提出了历史遗留问题的系统性解决方案。     

耐除草剂玉米G1105E-823C定性检测方法

转基因耐除草剂玉米G1105E-823C是经过改造的转mG2-aroA基因耐草甘膦玉米新品系,具有更高的草甘膦耐受性,目前已完成生产性试验,具有重要的产业化应用前景。但目前尚无针对G1105E-823C的转化体特异性检测方法的相关报道,这十分不利于对该品系的检测及监管。基于此,以G1105E-823C转化体特异性序列为靶标,建立了转基因耐除草剂玉米G1105E-823C的普通PCR和实时荧光PCR定性检测方法。结果表明,2种方法均能检测出转基因耐除草剂玉米G1105E-823C转化体成分,且具有较高的特异性。普通PCR检测方法检出限达0.1%,实时荧光PCR检测方法检出限达0.05%。研究建立的2种定性检测方法为转基因耐除草剂玉米G1105E-823C的精准检测提供了新的技术手段,可为农业转基因监管提供技术支撑。     

Proteomic Analysis of High Temperature Stress-Responsive Proteins in Chrysanthemum Leaves

Chrysanthemum is one of the most important ornamental flowers in the world, and temperature has a significant influence on its field production. In the present study, differentially expressed proteins were investigated in the leaves of Dendranthema grandiflorum ‘Jinba’ under high temperature stress using label-free quantitative proteomics techniques. The expressed proteins were comparatively identified and analyzed. A total of 1,463 heat-related, differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and 1,463 heat-related, differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified by mass spectrometry after a high temperature treatment. Among these, 701 proteins were upregulated and 762 proteins were downregulated. The in-depth bioinformatics analysis of these differentially expressed proteins revealed that these were involved in energy metabolism pathways, protein metabolism, and heat shock. In the present study, the investigators determined the changes in the levels of some proteins, and their expression at the protein and molecular levels in chrysanthemum to help reveal the mechanism of heat resistance in chrysanthemum. Furthermore, the present study elucidated some of the proteins correlated to heat resistance in chrysanthemum, and their expression changes at the protein and molecular levels to help reveal the mechanism of heat resistance in this flower species. These results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of new heat resistant varieties of chrysanthemum in the field.     

Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase of Camellia nitidissima Chi. promotes the synthesis of polyphenols better than flavonoids

Molecular Biology Reports - Camellia nitidissima Chi. is an ornamental plant of the genus Camellia L. Its flowers contain a lot of flavonoids and polyphenols. Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase...     

酿酒酵母酚类抑制物耐受性脂质组学研究

通过脂质组学分析方法从细胞膜磷脂分布方面探究适应进化酿酒酵母酚酸耐受性机制。主要利用高效液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)对酚酸胁迫下适应进化菌株和原始菌株脂质成分检测并进行统计学比较分析。检测出565种脂质代谢物,包含细胞膜磷脂185种。相比初始菌株,适应进化菌株细胞膜中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)和磷脂酰肌醇(PI)类磷脂分子相对含量增加,含有长链(C32-C36)和双不饱和脂酰链的磷脂分子含量增加。统计学分析表明显著性差异磷脂分子主要为含有长链不饱和脂酰链的PC和PE类磷脂分子。推测适应进化菌株通过膜磷脂重塑提高细胞膜完整性,对酚类抑制物起到选择性屏障作用,从而保持细胞活性。     

Interactions between commensal bacteria and viral infection: insights for viral disease control in farmed animals

Viral diseases cause serious economic loss in farmed animals industry. However, the efficacy of remedies for viral infection in farmed animals is limited, and treatment strategies are generally lacking for aquatic animals. Interactions of commensal microbiota and viral infection have been studied in recent years, demonstrating a third player in the interaction between hosts and viruses. Here, we discuss recent developments in the research of interactions between commensal bacteria and viral infection,including both promotion and inhibition effect of commensal bacteria on viral pathogenesis, as well as the impact of viral infection on commensal microbiota. The antiviral effect of commensal bacteria is mostly achieved through priming or regulation of the host immune responses, involving differential microbial components and host signaling pathways, and gives rise to various antiviral probiotics. Moreover, we summarize studies related to the interaction between commensal bacteria and viral infection in farmed animals, including pigs, chickens, fish and invertebrate species. Further studies in this area will deepen our understanding of antiviral immunity of farmed animals in the context of commensal microbiota, and promote the development of novel strategies for treatment of viral diseases in farmed animals.     

网隔栽培法对生姜姜瘟病防治及产量的影响

姜瘟病是由青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstoniasolanacearum)引起的一种细菌性病害,被称为生姜种植产业的“癌症”.本试验设计了一种“网隔栽培法”,并探索其对土传姜瘟病发病率和生姜产量的影响.结果表明,经过连续3年的田间验证,相比传统栽培法,“网隔栽培法”种植可显著降低姜瘟病的发病率,平均减少了6.08个百分点,平均防治效果达到了48.33%;同时,生姜产量平均增加了13.21%.这种“短行播种、纵横开沟、深沟隔病”的“网隔栽培法”为姜瘟病的绿色防控提供了新方案,也为其他蔬菜、中药材等植物的土传病害防治提供了新的借鉴思路.