Extracellular Calcium Has Distinct Effects on Fast and Slow Components of the Depolarization-Induced Secretory Response from Chromaffin Cells

Abstract: An increase in extracellular Ca²⁺ concentration from 0.25 to 10 m M enhanced secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine induced by a high extracellular K⁺ concentration (75 m M ). The increment in extracellular Ca²⁺ concentration also increased the observed peak inward Ca²⁺ current in response to long (10-s) depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of −55 mV to +5 mV, from about −26 to −400 pA. However, the total amount of Ca²⁺ influx into the cell only increased when the extracellular Ca²⁺ concentration was raised from 0.25 to 1 m M and then remained constant up to 10 m M extracellular Ca²⁺. ATP is cosecreted with catecholamines following a depolarizing stimulus. Kinetic studies indicated that ATP secretion had two components with time constants, in the presence of 2.5 m M extracellular Ca²⁺, of ∼4 and 41 s, being the fast component of secretion produced by the exocytosis of ∼220 chromaffin granules. The results suggest that, for a given depolarizing stimulus, the size and rate of release for the fast and slow components of secretion are dependent on extracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.     

Effect of morphine and abstinence syndrome on [3H]bromoxidine binding to α2-adrenoreceptors in rat brain

At 4 days after the implantation of two subcutaneous 75 mg morphine pellets in the back skin, rats were morphine-dependent. In the three layers studied in the occipital cortex we found that the values of the ₂-adrenergic agonist [³H]bromoxidine binding increased with respect to animals implanted with placebo pellets. Typical behavioral and physiological symptoms of the abstinence syndrome appeared 30 minutes after administration of naloxone, [³H]bromoxidine binding values being similar to those obtained in animals implanted with placebo pellets. The pattern of response of the [³H]bromoxidine binding was similar in the hippocampus and the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus of the mesencephalon, but the differences were not statistically significant in these areas. This paper concludes that exist brain regional differences in the ₂-adrenoreceptors response under morphine-treatment and possibly under naloxone-induced morphine abstinence syndrome.     

肝胆显像螯合物—氮基三乙酸单酰苯胺及其类似物的合成

本课题合成四个氮基三乙酸单酰苯胺(IDA)类及其类似物肝胆显像螯合物。(1)用家兔做了肝胆显像扫描实验,其显像效果较好。(2)～(3)为未见报道的化合物。     

高砷含水层参与腐殖酸-铁矿物转化的关键微生物群落及其对砷迁移转化的影响

【目的】探究不同腐殖酸浓度下参与含砷水铁矿转化的微生物类群组成和丰度变化及对砷释放的影响,预测原位高砷含水层中功能微生物群参与有机质—含砷铁矿物转化过程对砷转化释放的作用。【方法】对河套平原高砷地下水和同深度高砷沉积物中的铁还原功能群落进行富集培养,构建室内厌氧微宇宙体系,将富集菌群分别加入到实验室条件下合成的不同浓度腐殖酸(0、1.5、7、14 mg C/L)-含砷水铁矿体系中,通过体系中砷、铁形态及浓度的变化分析,结合高通量测序技术、X-射线衍射(X-ray diffractometer, XRD),探究不同条件下砷的释放固定和群落的演替。【结果】高砷地下水组(G组)和沉积物组(S组)富集得到的铁还原功能群落具有明显差异,G组中以Aeromonadaceae为特殊优势菌群,而S组中以Shewanellaceae为特殊优势菌群。微宇宙实验结果显示,S组的铁还原量相对较高且速率较快;G组与S组中液相砷形态存在明显差异,整个培养期内G组均以As(Ⅴ)为主,而S组中前期以As(Ⅴ)为主,当反应到达20 d时液相As(Ⅲ)高达3.4μmol/L,推测此时具有砷还原功能的群落占优势地位。当反应...     

A Rapid Determination of 30 Prohibited Pesticide Residues in Lycii Fructus by UPLC-MS/MS

Prohibited pesticide residues have become one of the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Lycii Fructus, However, rarely studies focus on the rapid determination of these residues. Here, a total of 30 kinds of prohibited pesticide residues were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in five different process ways. Pretreatment methods, chromatographic separation and detection conditions in mass spectrometry were all optimized accordingly. Among the five different pretreatment methods, the first and third solid phase extraction failed to provide high recoveries of sulfosulfuron compounds (both lower than 60%). Recovery of chlorphenamidine by the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method (QuEChERS) was lower than 60%, which did not meet the requirements of trace determination. The concentrations of 30 prohibited pesticides residues treated by straightforward and solid phase extraction showed good linearity in their corresponding ranges, with correlation coefficients over 0.99. The average recoveries of straightforward ranged from 78.13% to 110.9%, while RSD ranged from 1.3% to 16.9%, albeit poor purification was observed. The recovery yield from solid phase extraction was between 67.75% and 103.08% with RSD value from 0.8% to 14.0%, which met the requirements of trace determination, this method has good precision and stability. These results could be employed to other Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) in detecting prohibited pesticide residues.     

泛素蛋白磷酸化修饰的功能与解析

泛素化是存在于真核生物中一种重要的翻译后修饰过程,参与调控包括蛋白质降解在内的多种生命活动。实现这一调控过程需要将一个由76个氨基酸组成的泛素蛋白共价连接到底物蛋白上。同时,泛素本身也存在多种翻译后修饰,包括泛素化、磷酸化、乙酰化等,进一步丰富了泛素的修饰类型,决定了底物蛋白不同的命运。近年来,伴随着第65位丝氨酸磷酸化泛素蛋白参与调控线粒体自噬这一突破性进展,泛素蛋白其余磷酸化位点的功能研究也获得越来越多的关注。本文根据目前已有的国内外研究和报道,总结了泛素蛋白已知的磷酸化修饰位点,梳理了泛素蛋白第12位和66位苏氨酸、第57位和65位丝氨酸等位点的磷酸化修饰对其生物物理特性带来的改变,并对相应修饰位点所涉及的生物学功能调控进行了综述。     

Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Black Ginseng

In recent years, black ginseng, a new type of processed ginseng product, has attracted the attention of scholars globally. Ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide, the main active substances of black ginseng, have been shown to carry curative effects for many diseases. This article focuses on the mechanism of their action in anti-inflammatory response, which is mainly divided into three aspects: activation of immune cells to exert immune regulatory response; participation in inflammatory response-related pathways and regulation of the expression level of inflammatory factors; effect on the metabolic activity of intestinal flora. This study identifies active anti-inflammatory components and an action mechanism of black ginseng showing multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel characteristics, providing ideas and a basis for a follow-up in-depth study of its specific mechanism.     

Effect of balloon pre-dilation on performance of self-expandable nitinol stent in femoropopliteal artery

Balloon pre-dilation is usually performed before implantation of a nitinol stent in a femoropopliteal artery in a case of severe blockage or calcified plaque. However, its effect on performance of the nitinol stent in a diseased femoropopliteal artery has not been studied yet. This study compares the outcomes of stenting with pre-dilation and without it by modelling the entire processes of stent deployment. Fatigue deformation of the implanted stent is also modelled under diastolic–systolic blood pressure, repetitive bending, torsion, axial compression and their combination. Reduced level of stress in the stent occurs after stenting with pre-dilation, but causing the increased damage in the media layer, i.e. the middle layer of the arterial wall. Generally, pre-dilation increases the risk of nitinol stent’s fatigue failure. Additionally, the development of in-stent restenosis is predicted based on the stenting-induced tissue damage in the media layer, and no severe mechanical irritation is induced to the media layer by pre-dilation, stent deployment or fatigue loading.

     

A new strategy for cellulases application in high temperature industrial scenarios with syringic acid assisting

In the process of bioethanol production, more stable and active cellulase in high temperature condition is required. In this study, syringic acid was applied in cellulase hydrolysis system. At 70°C, TvEG3 activity increased 201.36%, CtBglA activity decreased 72.79% by syringic acid. With syringic acid assisting, TvEG3 thermostability was improved, CtBglA thermostability was reduced. Syringic acid scarcely affected CtCBH. In hydrolysis system with the cellulases containing TvEG3, CtCBH, and CtBglA, the reducing sugar yield improved by 28.37% with syringic acid assisting. With the molecular dynamic simulation in syringic acid system, the backbone root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and the residue root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) of TvEG3, CtCBH reduced, while the RMSD and RMSF of CtBglA increased. The reduction in the number of secondary structures, especially α-helix, caused the structure of CtBglA in the presence of syringic acid to collapse at high temperature. More secondary structures in TvEG3 and more α-helix in CtCBH in the presence of syringic acid make them more stable at high temperatures. These means syringic acid can stabilize TvEG3 and CtCBH structure, destabilize CtBglA structure at high temperature. In summary, this study not only provides insight into cellulase hydrolysis at high temperature with syringic acid assisting but also demonstrates the promoting mechanism of syringic acid.