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181.
Dysregulation of apoptosis is involved in a wide spectrum of disease ranging from proliferative to neurodegenerative disorders.
The recently discovered X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is among the most potent inhibitors of apoptosis. This
protein binds to and inhibits both initiator caspases and effector caspases such as caspase-3. The aim of this study was to
investigate the relationships between XIAP-breakdown, caspase activation in the development of delayed infarct upon ischemia.
We demonstrated that endogenous XIAP is cleaved at least into two fragments during reperfusion following the ischemic insult.
The two fragments produced seem to be related to caspase-3 and μ-calpain activities, which are massively enhanced in tissues
challenged by ischemia. Therefore, degradation of XIAP by μ-calpain in our system may decrease the activation threshold of
caspase-3 normally held in check by the IAPs and/or lead to auto-activation of other caspases.
Special issue in honor of Naren Banik. 相似文献
182.
We studied the distribution of the D/D, I/D, and I/I genotypes of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in a sample of healthy Lebanese individuals to assess their prevalence
and compare them with other populations. ACE genotypes were determined using the Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) StripAssay,
which is based on a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Reverse hybridization technique. DNA from 133 unrelated healthy donors from
our HLA-bank was used. The prevalence of D/D, I/D, and I/I genotypes was found to be 39.1, 45.1, and 15.8% respectively, with D and I allelic frequency of 61.7 and 38.3%, respectively. The sampled Lebanese population showed ACE genotypic distributions similar
to Caucasians; however, with tendency towards harboring high D allele frequency together with a low I allele frequency just like the Spanish population. This first report from Lebanon will serve as a baseline statistical data
for future investigations of the prevalence of ACE genotypes in association with various clinical entities notably cardiovascular
diseases. The medical literature was also reviewed in this context. 相似文献
183.
In follicular lymphoma the frequency of translocation t(14;18) varies considerably across different geographic regions ranging
from up to 89% among the American follicular lymphoma to around 30% in the Japanese lymphoma. Neighboring and regional countries
varied in their frequency reporting like in Israel (22 of 36 cases; 61%), Turkey (46 of 67 cases; 68.7%), and Jordan (4 of
5 cases; 80%). To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in Lebanon to determine the frequency of this translocation
in follicular lymphoma patients. Of 42 cases diagnosed with follicular lymphoma at the American University of Beirut Medical
Center, amplifiable DNA was extracted from the corresponding paraffin embedded tissues and tested for t(14; 18) translocation
using PCR amplification of the MBR and MCR breakpoints (INVIVOSCRIBE, CA, USA). We found that 19 patients were positive for
t(14; 18) (45.2%) while 23 were negative (54.8%). Among the 19 positive cases, bcl2 was positive in 10 cases (52.6%). The
majority of the cases were positive for MBR (40.47%), while only two cases were positive for MCR (4.76%). This study expands
the geographical map of the distribution of bcl-2 gene rearrangement in follicular lymphoma patients in the Middle East region.
The interesting low frequency of t(14;18) in Lebanese follicular lymphoma patients (45.2%) stands out among several other
increased frequencies in surrounding and regional countries. In addition, in this patient population, there is a decreased
frequency of the MBR breakpoint (40.47%) while that reported in the literature ranges from 50 to 60%. 相似文献
184.
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), the most common leukemia in the Western world, results from an expansion of a rare population of CD5+ mature B-lymphocytes. Although clinical features and genomic abnormalities in B-CLL have been studied in considerable detail, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease development has remained unclear until recently. In the last 4 years, several transgenic mouse models for B-CLL were generated. Investigations of these mouse models revealed that deregulation of three pathways, Tcl1-Akt pathway, TNF-NF-kB pathway, and Bcl2-mediated anti-apoptotic pathway, result in the development of B-CLL. While deregulation of TCL1 alone caused a B-CLL phenotype in mice, overexpression of Bcl2 required aberrantly activated TNF-NF-kB pathway signaling to yield the disease phenotype. In this article, we present what has been learned from mice with B-CLL phenotype and how these mouse models of B-CLL were used to test therapeutic treatments for this common leukemia. 相似文献
185.
BACKGROUND: Meningiomas, tumors that often affect middle-aged and elderly people, occasionally arise in the spine, typically at the thoracic level. The cytologic findings in meningiomas include whorls and syncytial clusters of bland-looking cells with scattered, psammomatous calcifications and intranudclear cytoplasmic inclusions. However, in many cases, not all these findings are seen, and in rare cases, unusual cytomorphologic features are observed. CASE: A case of spinal meningioma was located in the extradural compartment and composed predominantly of singly scattered cells with a plasmacytoid appearance, demonstrated on fine needle aspiration biopsy smear preparations. The cell block showed more typical features of meningioma, and the diagnosis was supported by the results of immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of spinal meningioma is readily made by employing magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis can be difficult to confirm pathologically when atypical histologic findings are present, as in this case, with prominent plasmacytoid features. Sections from the cell block and immunohistochemical stains as well as clinical and radiologic findings were extremely helpful in arriving at the final diagnosis. 相似文献
186.
Assaf Nada El-Cheikh Jean Bazarbachi Ali Salem Ziad Farra Chantal Chakhachiro Zaher Nassif Samer Zaatari Ghazi Mahfouz Rami 《Molecular biology reports》2019,46(2):2003-2011
Molecular Biology Reports - Recurrent genetic abnormalities confer distinct morphologic features and play a role in determining the clinical behavior, prognosis and adequate treatment of acute... 相似文献
187.
Marine Lacroix Fran?ois Rousseau Florence Guilhot Pauline Malinge Giovanni Magistrelli Suzanne Herren Simon A. Jones Gareth W. Jones Jürgen Scheller Rami Lissilaa Marie Kosco-Vilbois Zo? Johnson Vanessa Buatois Walter Ferlin 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(45):26943-26953
The IL-6 signaling complex is described as a hexamer, formed by the association of two IL-6·IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)·gp130 trimers, with gp130 being the signal transducer inducing cis- and trans-mediated signaling via a membrane-bound or soluble form of the IL-6R, respectively. 25F10 is an anti-mouse IL-6R mAb that binds to both membrane-bound IL-6R and soluble IL-6R with the unique property of specifically inhibiting trans-mediated signaling events. In this study, epitope mapping revealed that 25F10 interacts at site IIb of IL-6R but allows the binding of IL-6 to the IL-6R and the recruitment of gp130, forming a trimer complex. Binding of 25F10 to IL-6R prevented the formation of the hexameric complex obligate for trans-mediated signaling, suggesting that the cis- and trans-modes of IL-6 signaling adopt different mechanisms for receptor complex assembly. To study this phenomenon also in the human system, we developed NI-1201, a mAb that targets, in the human IL-6R sequence, the epitope recognized by 25F10 for mice. Interestingly, NI-1201, however, did not selectively inhibit human IL-6 trans-signaling, although both mAbs produced beneficial outcomes in conditions of exacerbated IL-6 as compared with a site I-directed mAb. These findings shed light on the complexity of IL-6 signaling. First, triggering cis- versus trans-mediated IL-6 signaling occurs via distinctive mechanisms for receptor complex assembly in mice. Second, the formation of the receptor complex leading to cis- and trans-signaling biology in mice and humans is different, and this should be taken into account when developing strategies to inhibit IL-6 clinically. 相似文献
188.
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a complex genetic background. The gene encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) has been reported to be associated with RA in several populations.Objectives
This work aimed at assessing the association of PTPN22 +1858 C>T gene polymorphism with the susceptibility, activity and severity of RA in Egyptian subjects.Subjects and methods
This study included 112 unrelated RA patients who were compared to 122 healthy unrelated individuals taken from the same locality. For all subjects, DNA was genotyped for PTPN22 +1858 C>T (rs2476601) polymorphism using the PCR-RFLP technique. Antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results
Cases showed significantly higher PTPN22 +1858 T allele carriage rate (CT + TT genotypes) compared to controls (34.8% vs. 8.2%, OR = 5.98, 95% CI = 2.81–12.73, p < 0.001). Also the frequency of the PTPN22 +1858 T allele was significantly higher among cases compared to controls (18.7% vs. 4.5%, OR = 4.89; 95% CI = 2.45–9.76, p < 0.001). Cases positive to the PTPN22 T allele (CT + TT genotypes) showed no significant difference from those with the CC genotype regarding clinical and immune parameters. Nonetheless, they showed a more functional disability presented in their significantly higher health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) score (p = 0.04).Conclusions
This study is a confirmatory evidence of the association of the PTPN22 +1858 T allele with susceptibility and functional disability of RA in Egyptian subjects. 相似文献189.
Stanger K Steffek M Zhou L Pozniak CD Quan C Franke Y Tom J Tam C Elliott JM Lewcock JW Zhang Y Murray J Hannoush RN 《Nature chemical biology》2012,8(7):655-660
The caspases are a family of cytosolic proteases with essential roles in inflammation and apoptosis. Drug discovery efforts have focused on developing molecules directed against the active sites of caspases, but this approach has proved challenging and has not yielded any approved therapeutics. Here we describe a new strategy for generating inhibitors of caspase-6, a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders, by screening against its zymogen form. Using phage display to discover molecules that bind the zymogen, we report the identification of a peptide that specifically impairs the function of caspase-6 in vitro and in neuronal cells. Remarkably, the peptide binds at a tetramerization interface that is uniquely present in zymogen caspase-6, rather than binding into the active site, and acts via a new allosteric mechanism that promotes caspase tetramerization. Our data illustrate that screening against the zymogen holds promise as an approach for targeting caspases in drug discovery. 相似文献
190.
Sora Al Rowas Rami Haddad Rahul Gawri Abdul Aziz Al Ma’awi Lorraine E Chalifour John Antoniou Fackson Mwale 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(1):R17-12