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61.
62.
Francesca Di Giallonardo Armin T?pfer Melanie Rey Sandhya Prabhakaran Yannick Duport Christine Leemann Stefan Schmutz Nottania K. Campbell Beda Joos Maria Rita Lecca Andrea Patrignani Martin D?umer Christian Beisel Peter Rusert Alexandra Trkola Huldrych F. Günthard Volker Roth Niko Beerenwinkel Karin J. Metzner 《Nucleic acids research》2014,42(14):e115
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enable new insights into the diversity of virus populations within their hosts. Diversity estimation is currently restricted to single-nucleotide variants or to local fragments of no more than a few hundred nucleotides defined by the length of sequence reads. To study complex heterogeneous virus populations comprehensively, novel methods are required that allow for complete reconstruction of the individual viral haplotypes. Here, we show that assembly of whole viral genomes of ∼8600 nucleotides length is feasible from mixtures of heterogeneous HIV-1 strains derived from defined combinations of cloned virus strains and from clinical samples of an HIV-1 superinfected individual. Haplotype reconstruction was achieved using optimized experimental protocols and computational methods for amplification, sequencing and assembly. We comparatively assessed the performance of the three NGS platforms 454 Life Sciences/Roche, Illumina and Pacific Biosciences for this task. Our results prove and delineate the feasibility of NGS-based full-length viral haplotype reconstruction and provide new tools for studying evolution and pathogenesis of viruses. 相似文献
63.
Modeling of neuropeptide receptors Y1, Y4, Y5, and docking studies with neuropeptide antagonist 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jois SD Nagarajarao LM Prabhakaran M Balasubramaniam A 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2006,23(5):497-508
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), receptors belong to the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. NPY mediates several physiological responses, such as blood pressure, food intake, sedation. These actions of NPY are mediated by six receptor subtypes denoted as Y1-Y5 and y6. Modeling of receptor subtypes and binding site identification is an important step in developing new therapeutic agents. We have attempted to model the three NPY receptor types, Y1, Y4, and Y5 using homology modeling and threading methods. The models are consistent with previously reported experimental evidence. To understand the interaction and selectivity of NPY analogues with different neuropeptide receptors, docking studies of two neuropeptide analogues (BVD10 and BVD15) with receptors Y1 and Y4 were carried out. Results of the docking studies indicated that the interaction of ligands BVD10 and BVD15 with Y1 and Y4 receptors are different. These results were evaluated for selectivity of peptide analogues BVD10 and BVD15 towards the receptors. 相似文献
64.
Four species of mysids collected from the Minicoy lagoon are reported. Anisomysis minicoyensis sp. nov. is distinguished from the related species by the shape of the rostrum, the relative length of the antennal scale and the short protuberances on the second segment of the mandibular palp. The other three species recorded are Siriella australiensis, Anisomysis truncata and unidentified species of subfamily Gastrosaccinae. 相似文献
65.
Prabhakaran J Parsey RV Majo VJ Hsiung SC Milak MS Tamir H Simpson NR Van Heertum RL Mann JJ Dileep Kumar JS 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2006,16(8):2101-2104
Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of 2-{4-[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-butyl}-4-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]triazine-3,5-dione (5 or MMT), a high affinity and selective serotonin 5-HT1AR agonist PET tracer, are described. GTPgammaS assay shows that MMT is an agonist with an EC50 comparable to 5-HT. Radiolabeling of 5 was achieved in 30% yield (EOS) from desmethyl-MMT (4) with >99% chemical and radiochemical purities and a specific activity >1000 Ci/mmol. PET studies in baboon show that [11C]5 penetrates the blood-brain barrier but, because of low specific binding and fast clearance of radioactivity it is not a suitable PET tracer for the in vivo quantification of 5-HT1AR. 相似文献
66.
The crystal structures of the complexes [RuCl(Nap-o-phd)(AsPh3)] and [RuBr(Nap-o-phd)(PPh3)] (where H2-Nap-o-phd = N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) o-phenylenediamine) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The antibacterial properties of the complexes have also been examined. 相似文献
67.
K. Vedhagiri K. Natarajaseenivasan P. Chellapandi S.G. Prabhakaran Joseph Selvin S. Sharma P. Vijayachari 《基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报(英文版)》2009,7(3):96-106
Leptospirosis is recognized as the most widespread zoonosis with a global distribution. In this study, the antigenic variation in Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii isolated from human urine and field rat kidney was preliminarily confirmed by microscopic agglutination test using monoclonal antibodies, and was further subjected to amplification and identification of outer membrane lipoproteins with structural gene variation. Sequence similarity analysis revealed that these protein sequences, namely OmpL1, LipL32 and LipL41, showed no more homologies to outer membrane lipoproteins of non-pathogenic Leptospira and other closely related Spirochetes, but showed a strong identity within L. interrogans, suggesting intra-specific phylogenetic lineages that might be originated from a common pathogenic leptospiral origin. Moreover, the ompL1 gene showed more antigenic variation than lipL32 and lipL41 due to less conservation in secondary structural evolution within closely related species. Phylogenetically, ompL1 and lipL41 of these strains gave a considerable proximity to L. weilii and L. santarosai. The ompL1 gene of L. interrogans clustered distinctly from other pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospiral species. The diversity of ompL genes has been analyzed and it envisaged that sequence-specific variations at antigenic determinant sites would result in slow evolutionary changes along with new serovar origination within closely related species. Thus, a crucial work on effective recombinant vaccine development and engineered antibodies will hopefully meet to solve the therapeutic challenges.Key words: Leptospira, ompL1, lipL32, lipL41, phylogeny, antigenic variation 相似文献
68.
Shah Ebrahim Sanjay Kinra Liza Bowen Elizabeth Andersen Yoav Ben-Shlomo Tanica Lyngdoh Lakshmy Ramakrishnan R. C. Ahuja Prashant Joshi S. Mohan Das Murali Mohan George Davey Smith Dorairaj Prabhakaran K. Srinath Reddy for the Indian Migration Study group? 《PLoS medicine》2010,7(4)
Background
Migration from rural areas of India contributes to urbanisation and may increase the risk of obesity and diabetes. We tested the hypotheses that rural-to-urban migrants have a higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes than rural nonmigrants, that migrants would have an intermediate prevalence of obesity and diabetes compared with life-long urban and rural dwellers, and that longer time since migration would be associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and of diabetes.Methods and Findings
The place of origin of people working in factories in north, central, and south India was identified. Migrants of rural origin, their rural dwelling sibs, and those of urban origin together with their urban dwelling sibs were assessed by interview, examination, and fasting blood samples. Obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular risk factors were compared. A total of 6,510 participants (42% women) were recruited. Among urban, migrant, and rural men the age- and factory-adjusted percentages classified as obese (body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m2) were 41.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 39.1–44.7), 37.8% (95% CI 35.0–40.6), and 19.0% (95% CI 17.0–21.0), respectively, and as diabetic were 13.5% (95% CI 11.6–15.4), 14.3% (95% CI 12.2–16.4), and 6.2% (95% CI 5.0–7.4), respectively. Findings for women showed similar patterns. Rural men had lower blood pressure, lipids, and fasting blood glucose than urban and migrant men, whereas no differences were seen in women. Among migrant men, but not women, there was weak evidence for a lower prevalence of both diabetes and obesity among more recent (≤10 y) migrants.Conclusions
Migration into urban areas is associated with increases in obesity, which drive other risk factor changes. Migrants have adopted modes of life that put them at similar risk to the urban population. Gender differences in some risk factors by place of origin are unexpected and require further exploration. Please see later in the article for the Editors'' Summary 相似文献69.
Background
The Drosophila Male Specific Lethal (MSL) complex contains chromatin modifying enzymes and non-coding roX RNA. It paints the male X at hundreds of bands where it acetylates histone H4 at lysine 16. This epigenetic mark increases expression from the single male X chromosome approximately twofold above what gene-specific factors produce from each female X chromosome. This equalises X-linked gene expression between the sexes. Previous screens for components of dosage compensation relied on a distinctive male-specific lethal phenotype. 相似文献70.
Jaya Prabhakaran Vattoly J. Majo Matthew S. Milak Pratap Mali Lyudmila Savenkova J. John Mann Ramin V. Parsey J.S. Dileep Kumar 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2010,20(12):3654-3657
Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [N-methyl-11C] 5-methyl-3-[4-(3-phenylallyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-c]quinoline (1), a potential PET tracer for alpha2-adrenergic receptors is described. Syntheses of nonradioactive standard 1 and corresponding desmethyl precursor 2 were achieved from 2-aminobenzaldehyde in 40% and 65% yields, respectively. Methylation using [11C]CH3I in presence of aqueous potassium hydroxide in DMSO afforded [11C]1 in 25% yield (EOS) with >99% chemical and radiochemical purities with a specific activity ranged from 3–4 Ci/μmol (n = 6). The total synthesis time was 30 min from EOB. PET studies in anesthetized baboon show that [11C]1 penetrates BBB and accumulates in alpha2A-AR enriched brain areas. 相似文献