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191.
Michael Klutstein Martin Xaver Ronen Shemesh Drora Zenvirth Franz Klein Giora Simchen 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(5):453-462
Synapsis of homologs during meiotic prophase I is associated with a protein complex built along the bivalents—the synaptonemal
complex (SC). Mutations in the SC-component gene ZIP1 diminish SC formation, leading to reduced recombination levels and low spore viability. Here we show that in SK1 strains
heterozygous for a deletion of ZIP1 in certain regions meiotic interference are impaired with no decrease in recombination levels. The extent of synapsis is
over all reduced and NDJ levels of a large endogenous chromosome and of artificial chromosomes (YACs) rise to twice the level
of wild type strains. A substantial proportion of mis-segregating YACs had undergone crossing over. This demonstrates that
different functions of Zip1 display differential sensitivities to changes in expression levels. 相似文献
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Rama Jain Michelle Mathur Jiong Lan Abran Costales Gordana Atallah Savithri Ramurthy Sharadha Subramanian Lina Setti Paul Feucht Bob Warne Laura Doyle Stephen Basham Anne B. Jefferson Brent A. Appleton Mika Lindvall Cynthia M. Shafer 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2018,28(19):3197-3201
Utilizing the already described 3,4-bi-aryl pyridine series as a starting point, incorporation of a second ring system with a hydrogen bond donor and additional hydrophobic contacts yielded the azaindole series which exhibited potent, picomolar RSK2 inhibition and the most potent in vitro target modulation seen thus far for a RSK inhibitor. In the context of the more potent core, several changes at the phenol moiety were assessed to potentially find a tool molecule appropriate for in vivo evaluation. 相似文献
194.
Post‐translational modifications as key regulators of apicomplexan biology: insights from proteome‐wide studies
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Parasites of the Apicomplexa phylum, such as Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, undergo complex life cycles involving multiple stages with distinct biology and morphologies. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, acetylation and glycosylation, regulate numerous cellular processes, playing a role in every aspect of cell biology. PTMs can occur on proteins at any time in their lifespan and through alterations of target protein activity, localization, protein–protein interactions, among other functions, dramatically increase proteome diversity and complexity. In addition, PTMs can be induced or removed on changes in cellular environment and state. Thus, PTMs are likely to be key regulators of developmental transitions, biology and pathogenesis of apicomplexan parasites. In this review we examine the roles of PTMs in both parasite‐specific and conserved eukaryotic processes, and the potential crosstalk between PTMs, that together regulate the intricate lives of these protozoa. 相似文献
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ICAMs Are Not Obligatory for Functional Immune Synapses between Naive CD4 T Cells and Lymph Node DCs
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The Kinetics of L-selectin Tethers and the Mechanics of Selectin-mediated Rolling 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
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Ronen Alon Shuqi Chen Kamal D. Puri Erik B. Finger Timothy A. Springer 《The Journal of cell biology》1997,138(5):1169-1180
Two mechanisms have been proposed for regulating rolling velocities on selectins. These are (a) the intrinsic kinetics of bond dissociation, and (b) the reactive compliance, i.e., the susceptibility of the bond dissociation reaction to applied force. To determine which of these mechanisms explains the 7.5–11.5-fold faster rolling of leukocytes on L-selectin than on E- and P-selectins, we have compared the three selectins by examining the dissociation of transient tethers. We find that the intrinsic kinetics for tether bond dissociation are 7–10-fold more rapid for L-selectin than for E- and P-selectins, and are proportional to the rolling velocities through these selectins. The durations of pauses during rolling correspond to the duration of transient tethers on low density substrates. Moreover, applied force increases dissociation kinetics less for L-selectin than for E- and P-selectins, demonstrating that reactive compliance is not responsible for the faster rolling through L-selectin. Further measurements provide a biochemical and biophysical framework for understanding the molecular basis of rolling. Displacements of tethered cells during flow reversal, and measurements of the distance between successive pauses during rolling provide estimates of the length of a tether and the length of the adhesive contact zone, and suggest that rolling occurs with as few as two tethers per contact zone. Tether bond lifetime is an exponential function of the force on the bond, and the upper limit for the tether bond spring constant is of the same order of magnitude as the estimated elastic spring constant of the lectin–EGF unit. Shear uniquely enhances the rate of L-selectin transient tether formation, and conversion of tethers to rolling adhesions, providing further understanding of the shear threshold requirement for rolling through L-selectin. 相似文献
198.
In situ microcosms in aquifer bioremediation studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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