全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4203篇 |
免费 | 355篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 30篇 |
2021年 | 58篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 63篇 |
2017年 | 54篇 |
2016年 | 103篇 |
2015年 | 195篇 |
2014年 | 214篇 |
2013年 | 250篇 |
2012年 | 342篇 |
2011年 | 331篇 |
2010年 | 204篇 |
2009年 | 190篇 |
2008年 | 236篇 |
2007年 | 288篇 |
2006年 | 301篇 |
2005年 | 281篇 |
2004年 | 240篇 |
2003年 | 238篇 |
2002年 | 217篇 |
2001年 | 46篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 53篇 |
1998年 | 78篇 |
1997年 | 45篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 31篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有4560条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Cytokeratin expression in simple epithelia 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Valentino Romano Mechthild Hatzfeld Thomas M. Magin Ralf Zimbelmann Werner W. Franke Gernot Maier Herwig Ponstingl 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1986,30(3):244-253
To study the regulation of the expression of cytokeratins characteristic of simple epithelia, i.e., human cytokeratins nos. 7, 8, 18, and 19, we prepared several cDNA clones coding for these proteins and their bovine counterparts. In the present study, we describe a cDNA clone of the mRNA coding for human cytokeratin no. 18, which was isolated from an expression library using the monoclonal antibody, KG 8.13. This clone (756 nucleotides, excluding the polyA portion), encodes approximately one-half of the mRNA (approximately 1.4 kb), identifies one mRNA band in Northern-hybridization blots, and specifically selects one mRNA species coding for cytokeratin no. 18, as demonstrated by translation in vitro. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence--confirmed by direct amino-acid-sequence analyses of some polypeptide fragments produced by cleavage with cyanogen bromide--indicated that cytokeratin no. 18 is a member of the acidic (type I) subfamily of cytokeratins. It has only limited sequence homologies in common with other intermediate-sized filament proteins, and these are essentially restricted to certain domains of the alpha-helical rod portion. The carboxyterminal tail sequence does not contain glycine-rich elements, thus distinguishing this cytokeratin from those acidic (type I) cytokeratins that are characterized by this feature. The similarities and differences between cytokeratin no. 18 and previously described epidermal cytokeratins are discussed in relation to the differences in the stability of the complexes which this cytokeratin forms with basic (type II) cytokeratins, as well as in relation to possible functional differences of cytokeratins in simple and stratified epithelia. 相似文献
22.
Ralf Morgenstern Claes Guthenberg Bengt Mannervik Joseph W. DePierre 《FEBS letters》1983,160(1-2):264-268
The amount and nature of glutathione transferases in rat liver microsomes were determined using immunological techniques. It was shown that cytosolic glutathione transferase subunits A plus C, and B plus L were present at levels of 2.4 ± 0.6 and 1.5 ± 0.1 μg/mg microsomal protein, respectively. These levels are 10-times higher than those for non-specific binding of cytosolic components judging from the distribution of lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosolic marker. The possibility that a portion of these glutathione transferases is functionally localized on the endoplasmic reticulum is discussed. A previously described microsomal glutathione transferase which is distinct from the cytosolic enzymes is present in an amount of 31 ± 6 μg/mg microsomal protein. 相似文献
23.
24.
Huub J. M. Op den Camp Claudius K. Stumm Gerben Straatsma Piet J. L. Derikx Leo J. L. D. van Griensven 《Microbial ecology》1990,19(3):303-309
The interaction betweenAgaricus bisporus andScytalidium thermophilum on agar media was studied by differential interference contrast and phase contrast microscopy.A. bisporus combatively replacesS. thermophilum in culture on agar media. The antagonistic effect ofA. bisporus is transmissible through a cellophane membrane and causes irreversible disintegration ofS. thermophilum protoplasm, resulting in a total loss of viability after prolonged interaction between the two fungi. On compost extract agar, but not on other media, the growth rate ofA. bisporus increased from 2.7 to 5.3 mm·d–1 following contact withS. thermophilum mycelium. 相似文献
25.
Postmortem Degradation Alters Fluorographic Labeling Patterns and Affinities of Benzodiazepine Binding Proteins 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
To investigate the effect of endogenous proteolysis on the molecular weights of the benzodiazepine binding proteins, brains of trout, chicken, and rat were removed immediately after death and stored at room temperature for various periods of time before they were frozen. Photoaffinity labeling of membranes with [3H]flunitrazepam, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography, revealed proteolytic fragments of 47K in trout, chicken, and rat. The proteolysis set in rapidly after death. Seemingly in parallel with the degradation observed fluorographically, the affinity for [3H]flunitrazepam increased without systematic changes in receptor density. The degradation pattern was not identical to that of the photolabeled trypsinized benzodiazepine binding proteins. The endogenous proteolytic fragments were deglycosylated in two steps. In conclusion, proteolytic effects must be taken into account when interpreting labeling patterns and binding parameters. 相似文献
26.
Photomixotrophic cells of Petroselinum crispum accumulated >500 mg chlorophyll per kg wet weight and grew well in a broad range of phytoeffector conditions. Autoclaved fungal cells were lethal for photoheterotrophic cells, but induced in photomixotrophic cells the formation of volatile n-alkanes, phthalides, coumarins, and elemicine. Most of the compounds elicited reached a concentration maximum between 20 and 30 h after addition of the mycelium, whereas the group of n-alkanes increased steadily during the 90 h monitored. Maximum concentrations were: 12 mg of graveolone, 1 mg of bergapten, 0.5 mg of sedanenolide, and 0.5 mg of n-tetradecane per 1 nutrient medium. A dose/effect relationship was found; 10 to 25 g of fungal wet weight per 1 culture medium resulted in maximum accumulation of volatiles. The formation of volatiles by photomixotrophic in vitro cells is discussed as an integral part of plant responses to ecological stress. 相似文献
27.
Human follicular fluid (hFF), which has been treated with either unspecific proteases or dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) to remove proteins and/or steroids, cannot successfully induce the acrosome reaction (AR). After the removal of steroids, AR-inducing activity can be restored to hFF by supplementation with exogenous progesterone, but only in the presence of intact protein. Gel filtration experiments with 3H-progesterone-labelled hFF showed elution of the radioactive signal in the high molecular weight range, corresponding to bound progesterone. AR-inducing activity was seen in exactly the same fraction. Based on these results, the acrosome reaction-inducing substance (ARIS) appears to be a complex of progesterone and a progesterone-binding protein, which was shown to be identical with the plasma protein corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) by immunological techniques. AR induction was only observed in the presence of both CBG and progesterone, suggesting a combined effect of the two components. © 1995 wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
28.
Adherent recombinant BHK cells were cultivated at temperatures between 30 and 37°C. Batch and repeated-batch-cultivations in a 2-litre bioreactor showed a significant influence on metabolism and cell growth. The low-temperature-cultivations showed a lower growth rate and a lower glucose consumption rate and, therefore, less lactate production. On the other hand, the maximum cell density and productivity seemed not to be affected by the temperature reduction. 相似文献
29.
The human gene encoding cytokeratin 20 and its expression during fetal development and in gastrointestinal carcinomas 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
30.
Cloning and molecular characterization of a gene involved in Salmonella adherence and invasion of cultured epithelial cells 总被引:22,自引:8,他引:14
Ralf M. Altmeyer † John K. McNern † J. C. Bossio Ilan Rosenshine B. Brett Finlay Jorge E. Galán 《Molecular microbiology》1993,7(1):89-98
Our laboratories have independently identified a gene in Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium that is necessary for efficient adherence and entry of these organisms into cultured epithelial cells. Introduction of a mutated gene into several Salmonella strains belonging to different serotypes rendered these organisms deficient for adherence and invasion of cultured cells. This effect was most pronounced in the host-adapted serotypes Salmonella gallinarum, S. choleraesuis, and Salmonella typhi. The nucleotide sequence of this gene, which we have termed invH, encodes a predicted 147-amino-acid polypeptide containing a signal sequence. The InvH predicted polypeptide is highly conserved in S. typhimurium and S. choleraesuis, differing at only three residues. The invH gene was expressed in Escherichia coli using a T7 RNA polymerase expression system and a polypeptide of ~16000 molecular weight was observed, in agreement with the predicted size of its gene product. Upon fractionation, the expressed polypeptide was localized in the bacterial membrane fraction. Southern and colony hybridization analyses indicated that the invH gene is present in all Salmonella strains tested (91 strains belonging to 37 serotypes) with the exception of strains of Salmonella arizonae. No homologous sequences were detected in Yersinia, Shigella, Proteus, and several strains of enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic E. coli. Downstream from the S. choleraesuis (but not S. typhimurium) invH gene, a region with extensive homology to the insertion sequence IS3 was detected. 相似文献