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991.
992.
During their aquatic life cycle, nanoparticles are subject to environmentally driven surface modifications (e.g. agglomeration or coating) associated with aging. Although the ecotoxicological potential of nanoparticles might be affected by these processes, only limited information about the potential impact of aging is available. In this context, the present study investigated acute (96 h) and chronic (21 d) implications of systematically aged titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2; ~90 nm) on the standard test species Daphnia magna by following the respective test guidelines. The nTiO2 were aged for 0, 1, 3 and 6 d in media with varying ionic strengths (Milli-Q water: approx. 0.00 mmol/L and ASTM: 9.25 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of natural organic matter (NOM). Irrespective of the other parameters, aging in Milli-Q did not change the acute toxicity relative to an unaged control. In contrast, 6 d aged nTiO2 in ASTM without NOM caused a fourfold decreased acute toxicity. Relative to the 0 d aged particles, nTiO2 aged for 1 and 3 d in ASTM with NOM, which is the most environmentally-relevant setup used here, significantly increased acute toxicity (by approximately 30%), while a toxicity reduction (60%) was observed for 6 d aged nTiO2. Comparable patterns were observed during the chronic experiments. A likely explanation for this phenomenon is that the aging of nTiO2 increases the particle size at the start of the experiment or the time of the water exchange from <100 nm to approximately 500 nm, which is the optimal size range to be taken up by filter feeding D. magna. If subjected to further agglomeration, larger nTiO2 particles, however, cannot be retained by the daphnids’ filter apparatus ultimately reducing their ecotoxicological potential. This non-linear pattern of increasing and decreasing nTiO2 related toxicity over the aging duration, highlights the knowledge gap regarding the underlying mechanisms and processes. This understanding seems, however, fundamental to predict the risks of nanoparticles in the field. 相似文献
993.
Daniel Eibach Ralf Krumkamp Hassan M. Al-Emran Nimako Sarpong Ralf Matthias Hagen Yaw Adu-Sarkodie Egbert Tannich Jürgen May 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(3)
BackgroundThe relevance of Cryptosporidium infections for the burden of childhood diarrhoea in endemic settings has been shown in recent years. This study describes Cryptosporidium subtypes among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in rural Ghana to analyse subtype-specific demographic, geographical, seasonal and clinical differences in order to inform appropriate control measures in endemic areas.Conclusions/SignificanceCryptosporidiosis is characterized by seasonal anthroponotic transmission of strains typically found in Sub-Saharan Africa. The infection mainly affects young infants, with vomiting and diarrhoea being one of the leading symptoms in C. parvum infection. Combining molecular typing and clinical data provides valuable information for physicians and is able to track sources of infections. 相似文献
994.
Ralf R. Mendel 《Phytochemistry》1983,22(4):817-819
Heat treatment (90 sec at 70°) is shown to convert the bound molybdenum co-factor of tobacco cell-free extracts and bovine milk xanthine oxidase into a form capable of complementing the Neurospora crassa mutant nit-1.In the presence of 1 mM ascorbic acid, 25 mM molybdate and, for plant extracts, sulphydryl group protecting agents, the molybdenum co-factor can survive incubations up to 100° whilst maintaining its biological activity. Especially with plant extracts, the efficiency of heat treatment is considerably higher than that of the acidification procedure which is often utilized for releasing molybdenum co-factor. 相似文献
995.
996.
Inja Waldhauer Valeria Gonzalez-Nicolini Anne Freimoser-Grundschober Tapan K Nayak Linda Fahrni Ralf J. Hosse Danny Gerrits Edwin J. W. Geven Johannes Sam Sabine Lang Esther Bommer Virginie Steinhart Elisabeth Husar Sara Colombetti Erwin Van Puijenbroek Markus Neubauer J. Mark Cline Pradeep K. Garg Gregory Dugan Federica Cavallo Gonzalo Acuna Jehad Charo Volker Teichgrber Stefan Evers Otto C. Boerman Marina Bacac Ekkehard Moessner Pablo Umaa Christian Klein 《MABS-AUSTIN》2021,13(1)
997.
998.
A quick method for the determination of dissolved and precipitated sulfides in cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ralf Cord-Ruwisch 《Journal of microbiological methods》1985,4(1):33-36
Dissolved sulfide was determined spectrophotometrically as a colloidal solution of copper sulfide. Calibration curves were linear. Maximal deviation error was below 5%. Sulfide precipitated as FeS was determined after acidification of the medium. 相似文献
999.
1000.