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61.
Vertical profiles were measured in soil cores taken from flooded rice fields in the Po valley during July and August 1990.
Methane concentrations generally increased with depth and reached maximum values of 150–500 μM in 5–13 cm depth. However,
the shape of the profiles was very different when studying different soil cores. The CH4 content of gas bubbles showed a similar variability which apparently was due to spatial rather than temporal inhomogeneities.
Similar inhomogeneities were observed in the vertical profiles of acetate, propionate, lactate, and formate which showed maximum
values of 1500, 66, 135, and 153, μM, respectively. However, maxima and minima of the vertical profiles of the different substates
usually coincided in one particular soil core. Large inhomogeneities in the vertical profiles were also observed for the rates
of total CH4 production, however, the percentage contribution of H2/CO2 to CH4 production was relatively homogeneous at 24 ± 7% (SD). Similarly, the H2 content of gas bubbles was relatively constant at 93.3 ± 9.6 ppmv when randomly sampled in the rice field at different times
of the day. A small contribution (6%) of H2/CO2 to acetate production was also observed. Vertical profiles of the respiratory index (RI) for [2-14C] acetate showed that acetate was predominantly degraded by methanogenesis in 5–11 cm depth, but by respiration in the surface
soil (3 cm depth) and in soil layers below 13–16 cm depth which coincided with a transition of the colour (grey to reddish)
and the physical characteristics (porosity, density) of the soil. The observations indicate that the microbial community which
degrades organic matter to CH4 is in itself relatively homogenous, but operates at highly variable rates within the soil structure.
Author for correspondence 相似文献
62.
Summary We describe the mitotic cleavage patterns during blastoderm stage of the house flyMusca domestica L. Nuclear divisions up to mitotic stage 11 are apparently synchronous. Beginning with stage 12, nuclear divisions in the posterior third of the embryo lag behind, resulting first in a parasynchronous and finally in an asynchronous cleavage pattern. Thus a stage exists where all nuclei in the anterior region have completed 14 nuclear division cycles, while those in the posterior region have completed only 13 cycles. The border region between these nuclei is well defined and lies at 35% EL (egg length), the expression border of a gap gene. This border region is about 4–5 nuclei wide and shows a specialized mitotic behaviour. 相似文献
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64.
Role of Carboxydobacteria in Consumption of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide by Soil 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
The carbon monoxide consumption rates of the carboxydobacteria Pseudomonas (Seliberia) carboxydohydrogena, P. carboxydovorans, and P. carboxydoflava were measured at high (50%) and low (0.5 μl liter−1) mixing ratios of CO in air. CO was only consumed when the bacteria had been grown under CO-autotrophic conditions. As an exception, P. carboxydoflava consumed CO also after heterotrophic growth on pyruvate. At low cell densities the CO consumption rates measured at low CO mixing ratios were similar in cell suspensions and in mixtures of bacteria in soil. CO consumption observed in natural soil (loess, eolian sand, chernozem) as well as in suspensions or soil mixtures of carboxydobacteria showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Km values for CO of the carboxydobacteria (Km = 465 to 1,110 μl of CO liter−1) were much higher than those of the natural soils (Km = 5 to 8 μl of CO liter−1). Considering the difference of the Km values and the observed Vmax values, carboxydobacteria cannot contribute significantly to the consumption of atmospheric CO. 相似文献
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oxidation of diethylstilbestrol (DES) by peroxidase preparations from horse radish or mouse uterus in the presence of hydrogen peroxide yields β-dienestrol, which is also a major metabolite of DES in several mammalian species. The oxidation reaction appears to involve reactive intermediates, presumably the semiquinone and quinone of DES, since nonextractable binding to salmon sperm deoxyribonucleic acid and bovine serum albumin was found. The peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of DES to reactive metabolites in estrogen target organs may be related to the organ toxicity of this synthetic estrogen. 相似文献
67.
The free tryptophan pool and the levels of two enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis (anthranilate synthase and indoleglycerolphosphate synthase) have been determined in a wild type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mutants with altered regulatory properties.The tryptophan pool of wild type cells growing in minimal medium is 0.07 mole per g dry weight. Addition of anthranilate, indole or tryptophan to the medium produces a fifteen- to forty-fold increase in tryptophan pool, but causes no repression of the biosynthetic enzymes. Inclusion of 5-methyltryptophan in the growth medium causes a reduction in growth rate and a derepression of the biosynthetic enzymes, and this is shown here not to be correlated with a decrease in the free tryptophan pool.Mutants with an altered anthranilate synthase showing decreased sensitivity to inhibition by l-tryptophan or by the analogue dl-5-methyltryptophan have a tryptophan pool far higher than the wild type strain, but no repression of indoleglycerolphosphate synthase was observed. Mutants with an anthranilate synthase more sensitive to tryptophan inhibition show a slightly reduced tryptophan pool, but no derepression of indoleglycerolphosphate synthase was found.A mutant with constitutively derepressed levels of the biosynthetic enzymes shows a considerably increased tryptophan pool. Addition of 5-methyltryptophan to the growth medium of non-derepressible mutants causes a decrease in growth rate accompanied by a decrease in the tryptophan pool.Abbreviations CDRP
1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxyribulosephosphate
- paba
paraaminobenzoic acid
- PRA
N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate
- tRNA
transfer ribonucleic acid; trp1 to trp5 refer to the structural genes for corresponding tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes 相似文献
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