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81.
Differential action of iodine on mitochondria from human tumoral- and extra-tumoral tissue in inducing the release of apoptogenic proteins 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Iodide is actively concentrated in the thyroid gland for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Excess iodine has been observed to induce apoptosis in thyrocytes and mammary cells. The mechanism of iodine induced apoptosis is poorly understood. Among various cell organelles, mitochondria is known to provide conducive environment for the organification of iodine, i.e. iodination of different proteins. Mitochondria also play a central role in execution of apoptosis. To study the role of mitochondria in iodine induced apoptosis, we investigated the direct interaction of iodine and human breast mitochondria vis-a-vis its role in the initiation of apoptosis in vitro. We observed that mitochondria isolated from the tumor (TT) and extra-tumoral tissue (ET) of human breast display significant uptake of iodine. Mitochondrial proteins were observed to be predominantly iodinated in ET but not in TT mitochondria. Treatment with iodine showed an increase in mitochondrial permeability transition of TT and decrease in ET. Iodine induced released factor(s) other than cytochrome c from tumor mitochondria initiate(s) apoptosis in vitro, while those from ET mitochondria were non-apoptogenic in nature. To our knowledge, this is first report demonstrating that iodine acts differentially on mitochondria of tumor and extratumoral origin to release apoptogenic proteins from TT and has a protective effect on ET. 相似文献
82.
Perfringolysin O (PFO), a cytolytic toxin secreted by pathogenic Clostridium perfringens, forms large pores in cholesterol-containing membranes. Domain 4 (D4) of the protein interacts first with the membrane and is responsible for cholesterol recognition. By using several independent fluorescence techniques, we have determined the topography of D4 in the membrane-inserted oligomeric form of the toxin. Only the short hydrophobic loops at the tip of the D4 beta-sandwich are exposed to the bilayer interior, whereas the remainder of D4 projects from the membrane surface and is surrounded by water, making little or no contact with adjacent protein monomers in the oligomer. Thus, a limited interaction of D4 with the bilayer core seems to be sufficient to accomplish cholesterol recognition and initial binding of PFO to the membrane. Furthermore, D4 serves as the fulcrum around which extensive structural changes occur during the formation and insertion of the large transmembrane beta-barrel into the bilayer. 相似文献
83.
Horsegram protease inhibitor belongs to the Bowman-Birk class (BBIs) of low molecular weight (8-10 kDa), disulfide-rich, "dual" inhibitors, which can bind and inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin either independently or simultaneously. They have seven conserved disulfide bonds. Horsegram BBI exhibits remarkable stability against denaturants like urea, guanidine hydrochloride (GdmCl) and heat, which can be attributed to these conserved disulfide bonds. On reductive denaturation, horsegram BBI follows the "two-state" mode of unfolding where all the disulfide bonds are reduced simultaneously resulting in the fully reduced protein without any accumulation of partially reduced intermediates. Reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT) followed apparent first-order kinetics and the rate constants (k(r)) indicated that the disulfide bonds were "hyperreactive" in nature. Oxidative refolding of the fully reduced and denatured inhibitor was possible at very low protein concentration in the presence of "redox" combination of reduced and oxidized glutathiones. Simultaneous recovery of trypsin and chymotryptic inhibitory activities indicated the concomitant folding of both the inhibitory subdomains. Folding efficiency decreased in the absence of the glutathiones and in the presence of denaturants (6 M urea and 4 M GdmCl), indicating the importance of disulfide shuffling and the formation of noncovalent interactions and secondary structural elements, respectively, for folding efficiency. Folding rate was significantly improved in the presence of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). A 3-fold enhancement of rate was observed in the presence of PDI at molar ratio of 1:20 (PDI/inhibitor), indicating that disulfide bond formation and isomerization to be rate limiting in folding. Peptide prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) did not affect rate at low concentrations, but at molar ratios of 1:1.5 (PPI/inhibitor), there was 1.4-fold enhancement of the folding rate, indicating that the prolyl imidic bond isomerizations may be slowing down the folding reaction but were not rate limiting. 相似文献
84.
Rajesh M.K. Radha E. Karun Anitha Parthasarathy V.A. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2003,75(1):41-47
Regeneration in oil palm was achieved through somatic embryogenesis/organogenesis from embryo-derived callus. Callus was induced from mature embryos of the cross 281 (D)×18 (P) on modified MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (113.12 M) and 2-iP (14.76 M). The embryogenic calluses obtained were transferred to Blaydes medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.045 M) and one of the following growth regulators: TDZ (4.54 M), zeatin riboside (2.85 M), putrescine (1 mM) and spermine (100 M). Secondary somatic embryogenesis was found to occur in media supplemented with polyamines. The efficiency of formation of somatic embryos, secondary somatic embryos and shoot meristemoids were significantly higher in putrescine containing medium. Histological studies were also undertaken. 相似文献
85.
Rajesh RV Balasubramanian AS Boopathy R 《Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics》2003,40(2):92-97
Acetylcholinesterase purified from cobra (Naja naja) venom exhibits a serotonin-sensitive aryl acylamidase activity. Both acetylcholinesterase and aryl acylamidase activities co-eluted in column chromatographic procedures (Sephadex G-75 and Zinc-Sepharose), co-migrated on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, co-immunoprecipitated by anti-snake venom antibody and showed the same heat denaturation profile at 40 degrees C. Further, several potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors at different concentrations inhibited the cholinesterase and aryl acylamidase activities to the same extent. It is concluded that in cobra venom, acetylcholinesterase is associated with a serotonin-sensitive aryl acylamidase activity similar to earlier observations made with acetylcholinesterase from different sources. 相似文献
86.
Valerie N. Babinsky Fadil M. Hannan Sonia C. Youhanna Céline Maréchal Michel Jadoul Olivier Devuyst Rajesh V. Thakker 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Background
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and linked to arterial calcification. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G-protein coupled receptor, plays a pivotal role in extracellular calcium homeostasis and is expressed in the intimal and medial layers of the arterial wall. We investigated whether common CASR gene variants are predictors for aortic and coronary artery calcification or influence risk factors such as serum calcium, phosphate and glucose concentrations in RTRs.Methods
Two hundred and eighty four RTRs were investigated for associations between three CASR promoter region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs115759455, rs7652589, rs1501899), three non-synonymous CASR coding region SNPs (A986S, R990G, Q1011E), and aortic and coronary artery calcium mass scores, cardiovascular outcomes and calcification risk factors that included serum phosphate, calcium, total cholesterol and glucose concentrations.Results
Multivariate analysis revealed that RTRs homozygous for the minor allele (SS) of the A986S SNP, when compared to those homozygous for the major allele (AA), had raised serum glucose concentrations (8.7±5.4 vs. 5.7±2.1 mmol/L, P<0.05). In addition, RTRs who were heterozygous (CT) at the rs115759455 SNP, when compared to those homozygous for the major allele (CC), had higher serum phosphate concentrations (1.1±0.3 vs. 1.0±0.2 mmol/L, P<0.05). CASR SNPs were not significant determinants for aortic or coronary artery calcification, and were not associated with cardiovascular outcomes or mortality in this RTR cohort.Conclusions
Common CASR SNPs may be independent predictors of serum glucose and phosphate concentrations, but are not determinants of vascular calcification or cardiovascular outcomes. 相似文献87.
88.
Lactic acid is an intermediate-volume specialty chemical for a wide range of food and industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and chemical syntheses. Although lactic acid production has been well documented, improved production parameters that lead to reduced production costs are always of interest in industrial developments. In this study, we describe the production of lactic acid at high concentration, yield and volumetric productivity utilizing a novel homofermentative, facultative anaerobe Enterococcus faecalis CBRD01. The highest concentration of 182 g lactic acid l−1 was achieved after 38 h of fed-batch fermentation on glucose. The bacterial isolate utilized only 2–13% of carbon for its growth and energy metabolism, while 87–98% of carbon was converted to lactic acid at an overall volumetric productivity of 5 g l−1 h−1. At 13 h of fermentation, the volumetric productivity of lactate production reached 10.3 g l−1 h−1, which is the highest ever reported for microbial production of lactic acid. The lactic acid produced was of high purity as formation of other metabolites was less than 0.1%. The present investigation demonstrates a new opportunity for enhanced production of lactic acid with potential for reduced purification costs. 相似文献
89.
Sigamani Ashokkumar Arunai Nambiraj Sujit Nath Sinha Girigesh Yadav Kothanda Raman Manindra Bhushan Rajesh Thiyagarajan 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2015,20(3):170-180